Theranostics:中科院上海药物所发现MLKL为肝纤维化潜在治疗靶点

2022-08-03 中科院上海药物所 网络

该研究结果为抗纤维化药物研发提供了新靶点和方法。

肝纤维化是一种世界范围内高发病率与高死亡率疾病,是肝损伤发展成严重肝病的重要阶段,影响着全球数百万人的生命健康。然而,肝纤维化尚无有效治疗药物上市。近日,中国科学院上海药物研究所谢欣研究员团队在Theranostics上发表题为“Loss of MLKL ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatocyte necroptosis and hepatic stellate cell activation” 的论文,报道了混合激酶样蛋白 (Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, MLKL)在肝纤维化发生中的作用及其机制,并建立了利用基因疗法靶向MLKL以治疗肝纤维化的新方法【1】,为抗肝纤维化药物的研发提供了重要的理论参考。

本研究受到领域关注,期刊发表题为“Multiple functions of MLKL in liver fibrosis, from necroptosis to hepatic stellate cell activation”的评论文章【2】,专门介绍团队发现,并对进一步研究及应用提出展望。

肝纤维化发病机制复杂,但肝实质细胞的异常损伤及损伤后死亡一直是公认的起始诱因。肝实质细胞的异常损伤和死亡会激活肝脏内的炎症反应,并进一步诱导肝星状细胞的增殖、活化和细胞外基质累积,最终进展为肝纤维化。肝实质细胞存在着多种形式的死亡方式,其中程序性坏死 (Necroptosis) 是一种受到精密调控的“新型”细胞死亡方式,而MLKL是Necroptosis通路的终末效应器。虽然MLKL已被报道在多种类型的疾病中扮演重要角色,但其在肝纤维化中的作用尚未阐明。

在此项研究中,研究人员首先分析了肝纤维化临床病人的肝活检样本以及肝纤维化小鼠的组织样品,检测到MLKL在肝纤维化状态下高表达,并且MLKL的表达水平与肝纤维化程度呈强相关性。

为详细探究MLKL在肝纤维化发生中的作用,研究人员构建了MLKL敲除(Mlkl-/-)的小鼠,并在四氯化碳和胆管结扎手术诱导的纤维化模型上,发现Mlkl-/-小鼠肝脏损伤、肝脏炎症以及肝纤维化程度明显减轻。肝纤维化的发生是一种多细胞参与的过程,涉及肝实质细胞和非实质肝细胞(包括巨噬细胞、肝星状细胞等)的共同作用。

为详细阐明MLKL作用的细胞类型及机制,研究人员分别分离了这些关键细胞进行分析。团队发现敲除MLKL可以显著缓解肝实质细胞的损伤和程序性坏死,并显著抑制肝星状细胞的活化,但不影响巨噬细胞的分化和功能。

最后,针对此发现,研究人员设计了靶向肝实质细胞MLKL的基因疗法(AAV8-TBG-shMlkl),并证实AAV8-TBG-shMlkl可以有效治疗四氯化碳诱导的小鼠肝纤维化。

MLKL作用机制

综上所述,该项研究发现,MLKL与肝纤维化的发生密切相关,敲除MLKL可以显著减轻四氯化碳及胆管结扎诱导的小鼠肝纤维化的发生,并揭示了MLKL作用的细胞类型及机制。最终,建立了靶向肝实质细胞MLKL以治疗肝纤维化的新方法。该研究结果为抗纤维化药物研发提供了新靶点和方法。

上海药物所谢欣研究员为文章的通讯作者,课题组郭任副研究员和贾晓慧博士为文章的并列第一作者。研究得到复旦大学附属中山医院丁振斌医生及上海药物所高召兵研究员的帮助。本课题是在中科院器官重建与制造先导专项,国家自然科学基金,科技部重大研究计划及中国博士后基金的支持下完成。

全文链接

https://www.thno.org/v12p5220.htm

来源:中科院上海药物所

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    2022-08-27 海豹
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    2022-12-25 huperzia
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    2022-12-07 gous
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