Mol Psychaitr:颠覆认知!妊娠期间母亲高脂饮食可以预防后代阿尔茨海默症

2019-08-30 纪艳青 生物探索

高脂肪饮食可能会带来健康风险,但对准妈妈们来说,当涉及到为孩子预防阿尔茨海默症时,高脂肪饮食可能会带来很大的不同。

高脂肪饮食可能会带来健康风险,但对准妈妈们来说,当涉及到为孩子预防阿尔茨海默症时,高脂肪饮食可能会带来很大的不同。

8月26日《Molecular Psychiatry》在线发表的一份研究中,美国坦普尔大学Lewis Katz医学院的研究人员首次显示,妊娠期间母亲的高脂肪摄入可以保护后代免受大脑中迟发性阿尔茨海默症特征的影响。

“在人类研究中,人们已经知道,母亲65岁以后患阿尔茨海默症,其子代在同样年龄的患病风险会增加。”高级研究员Domenico Praticò医学博士说,他是Scott Richards阿尔茨海默症研究北极星基金会主席,药理学和微生物学系教授,以及Lewis Katz医学院阿尔茨海默症中心主任。

由母亲传给后代的遗传因素似乎是这一现象背后的一个显而易见的解释,但到目前为止,还没有发现可以解释母亲遗传给后代的阿尔茨海默症的基因。这一事实表明,怀孕期间所采取的生活方式和饮食等环境因素,可能会显着影响后代日后患此病的风险。


图片来源:Pixabay

饮食作为一种风险因素值得关注,尤其是富含动物脂肪和胆固醇的饮食。先前有研究表明,年轻/成年小鼠摄入高脂肪会直接加剧大脑功能的变化,而这种变化最终可能导致阿尔茨海默症。

为了更好地了解母亲阿尔茨海默症和其后代患病风险之间的独特关系,Praticò博士和同事们对母亲脂肪摄入量进行了研究,特别是在妊娠期,研究对象是被设计成患有阿尔茨海默症的小鼠。怀孕的小鼠从怀孕开始到怀孕结束都吃高脂肪的食物。在孩子出生的那一刻,母亲们就转变为有规律的饮食,这在哺乳期是保持不变的。这些母亲的后代在一生中始终保持相同的常规或标准饮食。

在11个月大的时候,后代接受了行为测试来评估学习能力和记忆力。“令人惊讶的是,我们发现,怀孕期间喂食高脂肪饮食的母亲的后代比怀孕期间喂养正常饮食的母亲所生的后代有更好的学习和记忆能力。” Praticò博士说。

妊娠期高脂饮食对代谢参数和认知功能的影响

研究人员观察到的记忆和学习方面的改善与维持良好的突触完整性有关。事实上,与常规饮食母亲的后代相比,暴露于高脂肪饮食的母亲的后代突触功能得到明显改善。突触是神经元聚集在一起传递信息的地方,在学习和记忆形成中起着至关重要的作用。


妊娠期高脂饮食对脑淀粉样变性的影响 

此外,与正常饮食的母亲所生的后代相比,高脂肪饮食的母亲所生的后代淀粉样蛋白水平较低。淀粉样蛋白是一种在神经元中积聚的异常蛋白质,会导致神经细胞功能障碍,最终导致记忆和学习能力的严重受损。

当研究小组寻找有益影响的可能机制时,他们发现,吃高脂肪食物的母亲的后代表现出与阿尔茨海默症有关的三个重要基因水平降低:β-分泌酶、tau和病理性tau调节基因CDK5。Praticò博士的团队发现,在早期发育阶段,由于高脂肪饮食增加了一种叫做FOXP2的蛋白质的活性,这三个基因在后代身上被有效地关闭了。他们证明,FOXP2对这些基因的抑制作用最终保护了后代免受后来大脑功能下降和阿尔茨海默症发展的影响。


Domenico Praticò 博士 图片来源:坦普尔大学的Lewis Katz医学院

Praticò博士说:“我们的研究结果表明,要想有效地预防阿尔茨海默症,可能需要在生命的早期,也就是怀孕期间就开始预防。在这个特定的生命阶段,饮食可能会对大脑健康产生至关重要但被低估的长期影响。”

Praticò博士及其同事计划接下来比较高脂肪饮食与其他饮食的影响,包括高糖和蛋白质饮食以及类似地中海饮食的饮食。“我们想看看我们的发现是否可以在野生型动物中复制。”Praticò博士补充道。

原始出处:Antonio Di Meco, Jaroslav Jelinek, Elisabetta Lauretti, et al. Gestational high fat diet protects 3xTg offspring from memory impairments, synaptic dysfunction, and brain pathology. Mol Psychaitr. 27 August 2019

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    2019-08-31 pcw111
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    2019-08-31 184****9840

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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