NEJM:证明乙脑病毒感染与吉兰-巴雷综合征之间的关系

2020-09-18 生物世界 Bio生物世界

吉兰-巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome,GBS)是以周围神经和神经根的脱髓鞘病变及小血管炎性细胞浸润为病理特点的自身免疫性周围神经病,临床表现为急性对称性弛缓性肢体瘫痪。

吉兰-巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome,GBS)是以周围神经和神经根的脱髓鞘病变及小血管炎性细胞浸润为病理特点的自身免疫性周围神经病,临床表现为急性对称性弛缓性肢体瘫痪。之前有报道表明,寨卡病毒、新冠病毒、EB病毒等感染与吉兰-巴雷综合征相关。

据世界卫生组织(WHO)报道,虽然大多数吉兰-巴雷综合征患者可痊愈,但重症可能导致瘫痪甚至危及生命。

乙型脑炎是是许多亚洲国家的病毒性脑炎爆发的主要原因,乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)是一种与登革热、黄热病和西尼罗河病毒有关的黄病毒,病毒存在于蚊子、猪和/或水鸟之间的传播圈,当被受感染的蚊子叮咬时人类也就感染了。这种疾病主要见于农村和城郊地区。大多数乙脑病毒感染呈现轻微症状(发烧和头痛)或无明显症状,但每 200 例感染病例中大约会有一例出现急性高烧、头痛、颈部僵硬、定向障碍、昏迷、癫痫、痉挛性瘫痪和死亡等严重的疾病症状。出现这些疾病症状的患者,其病死率可高达 30%;20-30% 的存活者将出现永久性的神经后遗症。

2020年9月17日,宁夏医科大学王振海教授团队与中国疾控中心病毒病预防控制研究所王环宇教授团队等合作,在《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM)通讯栏目发表了题为:Guillain–Barré Syndrome Associated with JEV Infection 研究论文。

该论文报道了2018年夏天宁夏北部确诊的161例乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染者中,发现47例吉兰-巴雷综合征。

本文第一作者为今年毕业于宁夏医科大学的神经内科硕士研究生王国玮。

我们报告了来自大量感染乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)的吉兰-巴雷综合征的患者的数据。JEV是一种通过蚊子传播的单链RNA病毒。在1940年,中国报道了第一例乙型脑炎。

乙型脑炎感染风险区主要在亚洲部分地区,包括中国、印度、东南亚、日本、韩国,以及澳大利亚少数地区。

2003年至2018年,中国共报告了51013例乙型脑炎病例,其中173例发生在宁夏。在2018年7月至2018年9月期间,最大的乙型脑炎感染暴发发生在宁夏北部地区,在此次暴发中观察到吉兰-巴雷综合征聚集性病例。

在该地区发现的289名疑似乙型脑炎病毒感染病例中,通过病毒分离和免疫测定法在血液和脑脊液样本中确诊了161名乙型脑炎病毒感染患者,这些患者接受了电生理和临床评估。

这161名乙型脑炎病毒感染患者中,有47例感染患者的肌电图结果与吉兰-巴雷综合征相符。

其中38例(81%)患者的脑脊液样本中观察到白蛋白-细胞分离现象。4例(9%)急性炎性脱髓鞘多神经病、22例(47%)急性运动轴突性神经病、18例(38%)急性运动感觉轴突性神经病、3例(6%)急性感觉神经病。

这些患者在吉兰-巴雷综合征发病之前曾有与JEV感染相吻合的症状,并且他们符合吉兰-巴雷综合征的Brighton诊断标准。

通过全基因测序将从一名患者的脑脊液样本中分离出的病毒株鉴定为乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)基因型Ib。

在症状发作后的两周内,共有28例患者(60%)接受了静脉免疫球蛋白治疗。治疗1周后,其中15例(54%)的症状和体征在临床上有明显改善。

2019年7月,17名患者在出院接受了8个月时间随访。在这些患者中,有47%的患者(8人)肢体部分无力,23%的患者(4人)肢体肌肉萎缩,还有29%的患者(5人)尿失禁。

尽管已有研究报告了与寨卡病毒感染有关的吉兰-巴雷综合症,但很少有乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染后发生吉兰-巴雷综合征的病例。在这项研究中,研究团队观察到了乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染与吉兰-巴雷综合征的因果关系,从乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染到吉兰-巴雷综合征发生的短暂潜伏期(中位数为5天)支持二者之间的因果关系。

总的来说,这项研究通过对局部地区短期内突然暴发的乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染的观察和随访,为乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染与吉兰-巴雷综合征之间的关系提供了证据。

原始出处:

Guowei Wang, Haining Li, Xiaojun Yang, et al.Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with JEV Infection.N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 17;383(12):1188-1190. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1916977.

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    2020-09-18 Psycho.Dr Du

    看看人家硕士,都发NJEM了,而我…#学习#害,不说了,看文献去了🤪

    0

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    2020-09-18 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2020-09-18 lovetcm

    #宁夏医科大学#火了,竟然发表了NEJM。首次发现#乙脑病毒#感染与#格林巴利综合征#(吉兰-巴雷综合征)有关

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