超声诊断肺动脉血栓栓塞1例

2018-05-03 罗婷 杨兵社 医学影像学杂志

患者,女,66岁。以双膝关节疼痛10年,加重伴活动受限2周之主诉入院。

【一般资料】

患者,女,66岁。

【主诉】

以双膝关节疼痛10年,加重伴活动受限2周之主诉入院。

【现病史】

发病以来,无明显呼吸困难、胸闷、气短、咯血,

【体格检查】

双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿,双膝关节轻度肿胀,皮温正常,双膝关节内翻。胸部X线示:心影增大,右侧胸膜肥厚。

【辅助检查】

心脏超声(图1,2):主肺动脉内径29mm,右肺动脉内径16mm,左肺动脉内径14mm,右肺动脉内可见33.2mm×15.9mm中等回声,其近心端,随心脏舒缩摆动;余心脏各房室腔及大血管内径测值正常。房间隔连续性完整,未见卵圆孔重开,未见过隔血流信号。超声提示:右肺动脉血栓形成。下肢血管超声:下肢静脉多处可见低回声充填,探头加压管腔未见明显变形,CDFI:局部管腔内未见明显血流信号。超声提示:下肢静脉血栓形成。实验室检查:NT-proBNP742pg/ml,血浆D二聚体示:>10mg/L。



【治疗】

给予华法林、低分子肝素钙治疗,11天后复查心脏超声(图3):右肺动脉内血栓明显减小,范围9.7mm×9.4mm。下肢血管超声:下肢静脉血栓较前次好转,部分管腔再通。7日后第3次超声示(图4):右肺动脉血流通畅,血栓消失。痊愈出院。



【讨论】

脂肪栓塞、羊水栓塞、空气栓塞。症状缺乏特异性,临床难以早期发现,致死率高。90%的肺动脉栓塞继发于下肢深静脉血栓,少数见于右心室梗死、右心衰房颤和扩张型心肌病等附壁血栓脱落。影像学检查,包括MRI、CT、核素、肺动脉造影以及超声,是确诊肺动脉栓塞的重要手段。肺血栓栓塞症患者血浆N末端脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)浓度>500pg/ml可对肺血栓栓塞症定型,而血浆D-二聚体升高一般认为,不能定位血栓形成部位。时勇2013年报道,以血浆D-二聚体浓度0.53mg/L作为界值,对肺血栓栓塞的诊断有较高的准确性,可以作为诊断肺血栓栓塞指标。该患者发病以来无明显呼吸困难、咳嗽、咯血,临床症状不典型,但是根据超声表现、NT-proBPN742pg/ml、血浆D-二聚体>10.0mg/L,综合考虑诊断为急性肺血栓栓塞症,中危型。经按此型治疗后,疗效显著。肺血栓栓塞症是一种危害极大的心肺血管疾病,死亡率高达7%~60%,超声心动图作为非侵入性检查,具有易接受、可重复等优点,结合血浆D-二聚体,综合判定,可以早期发现临床症状不典型的患者,及早进行干预,降低死亡率。因此,超声心动图应作为老年患者肺动脉血栓栓塞的常规筛查项目,以提高早期发现率。

原始出处:

罗婷, 杨兵社. 超声诊断肺动脉血栓栓塞1例[J]. 医学影像学杂志, 2017, 27(3):530-530.

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    2018-05-05 秀红

    学习了

    0

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    2018-05-04 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医学知识

    0

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    2018-05-03 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-05-03 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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