Lancet: 80年后中国人口将减半,仅为7.32亿

2020-07-29 Zhao Lei MedSci原创

当前,世界人口问题越来越引起国际社会的重视,人口在数量、结构、分布等方面快速变化,将造成人口与经济、社会以及资源、环境之间的矛盾冲突。

     人口问题,是指由于人口在数量、结构、分布等方面快速变化,造成人口与经济、社会以及资源、环境之间的矛盾冲突。当前,世界人口问题越来越引起国际社会的重视。联合国人口基金会曾推算,至2025年世界总人口将达80亿,至2100年世界总人口将突破100亿。目前,对人口数量的预测方法主要有两种。一是趋势法:以既往人口数量的统计数据为基础,并假设今后人口数量的变化趋势仍按同样的函数曲线发展,根据人口发展函数即可估算未来的人口数量。二是因子分析法,也是现代广泛应用的一种预测法,它要求所研究的人口具有较详细的统计数据,如按年龄和性别分类统计的人口数、生育率、死亡率和人口迁移等方面的资料。美国华盛顿大学健康指标和评估研究所采用后一种方式对全球195个国家和地区的人口相关问题进行了预测分析。

     预测结果表明:2100年的全球总生育率为1.66,全球人口将在2064年达到峰值,为90.73亿,并在2100年下降到80.79亿。到2100年,五个人口最多的国家将是印度(10.9亿)、尼日利亚(7.91亿)、中国(7.32亿)、美国(3.36亿)和巴基斯坦(2.48亿)。研究结果还表明,世界许多地区的年龄结构正在发生变化,到2100年,全球65岁以上的人口有23亿,20岁以下的人口有17亿。

图1.人口负增长趋势预测地图

     生育更替水平(replacement level)是评估一个区域人口自然更替率的重要指标,当一个国家或地区每个妇女生命周期生育2.1个子代时(总生育率=2.1),子代人口数量恰好可以替代父代人口数量。当生育率低于生育更替水平时,该区域人口呈负增长。如图1所示,中国、俄罗斯、加拿大、澳大利亚等国在2000前即出现人口负增长趋势;而非洲和西亚部分国家将在2030年起人口陆续呈负增长趋势。该研究结果表明,到2050年将有151个国家的总生育率低于生育更替水平 (总生育率<2.1),到2100年有183个国家总生育率将低于生育更替水平。预计从2017年到2100年期间,有23个国家的人口将下降50%以上,其中包括日本、泰国和西班牙。

图2.该研究还对经济领域进行了预测,中国将在2035年成为世界第一大经济体,而美国将在2098年将再次成为世界第一大经济体。

     最后文章指出,全球人口很可能在本世纪末之前就达到顶峰,然而,一旦全球人口开始下降,这种趋势将不可避免地持续下去。在世界总人口下降的情况下,一些国家可以通过自由移民政策和社会政策维持其人口数量,以保证国家经济,社会和地缘政治利益。

 

原始出处:Vollset SE, Goren E, Yuan CW, et al. Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study [published online

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    2022-05-04 赛华佗

    叫不醒某些人

    0

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    2020-09-07 howi
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    2020-08-01 hugeyang

    0

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    2020-07-30 ms6000000102715996

    经济基础决定上层建筑,目前人口出生率就有下降趋势

    1

    展开1条回复
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    2020-07-30 1240394fm61暂无昵称

    发过一次

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    2020-07-30 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

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