Alzheimer’s & Dementia:临床前阶段前6年认知功能下降速率有助于评估随后6年痴呆患病率

2022-06-21 影像小生 MedSci原创

众所周知,痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病(AD)有一个漫长的临床前阶段,跨越数年甚至数十年,在痴呆诊断之前可以观察到认知缺陷。虽然这些缺陷的重点通常是情景记忆,但其他几个认知领域也会受到影响。以往的纵向研究表明

众所周知,痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病(AD)有一个漫长的临床前阶段,跨越数年甚至数十年,在痴呆诊断之前可以观察到认知缺陷。虽然这些缺陷的重点通常是情景记忆,但其他几个认知领域也会受到影响。以往的纵向研究表明,不同领域的下降起点、速度和模式不同。大多数领域遵循非线性下降的模式,最初的轻微下降,随后急剧加速,更接近诊断。然而,还需要更多的研究来表征AD和全因痴呆的临床前阶段,以进一步了解痴呆症的发展,促进早期发现,并使疾病改变干预的评估成为可能。因此,绘制临床前痴呆阶段的地图对于早期发现和评估干预措施是重要的。

Nicola M. Payton等以60岁或以上的人群为样本,在12年的时间框架内,描述了痴呆临床前阶段多个核心认知领域的模式和下降速度。进一步研究是否在此期间的前6年快速下降与随后6年痴呆的概率增加有关。该研究结果发表在Alzheimer’s & Dementia。

该研究采用混合效应模型对1646名来自瑞典全国Kungsholmen老龄化和护理研究(snack - k)队列的参与者进行认知衰退率测定。采用Cox回归评估快速下降者 (比不同年龄的下降速度快1.5个标准差[SDs]) 未来患痴呆的可能性。

该研究发现

从跨多个认知领域的分段混合效应模型得出无痴呆和临床前痴呆组的认知下降率

1.      与无痴呆组相比,处于临床前阶段的痴呆患者在所有认知测试中的下降率都有所增加,尤其是在接近诊断的时候(0-6岁)。

2.      在诊断前12-6年接受3次或3次以上认知能力测试的参与者在6年后表现出患痴呆症的高风险(风险比[HR] 3.90, 95%可信区间[CI] 2.28 6.69)。

这项基于人群的研究表明,在未来12年内患痴呆症的老年人在评估情景记忆和语义记忆、知觉速度、语言流畅性和执行功能方面表现出更大的下降。接近诊断时,在大多数测试中,除了单词回忆测试的下降速度保持一致外,下降速度都有明显的加速。此外,情景记忆、语言流畅性、执行功能或全球认知能力的快速下降是未来痴呆症的一个强有力的预测因素。在多项测试(≥3)中呈快速下降趋势与未来患痴呆症的高概率相关。

总之,我们的研究表明,在痴呆临床前阶段,接近诊断的认知能力下降速度加快。快速下降会增加未来患痴呆症的可能性,特别是如果几个领域受到影响。在漫长的临床前阶段绘制下降模式对于了解痴呆症的发展、识别高危人群以及评估潜在的干预措施非常重要。我们的研究表明,有可能通过认知衰退率在临床前阶段早期识别出患痴呆症风险较高的人群,从而开启了一种新的、可能更准确的工具,用于识别那些患痴呆症风险较高的人群,而不仅仅是横断面认知评估。

原文出处

Trajectories of cognitive decline and dementia development: A 12-year longitudinal study

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    2022-06-21 ms5000000644045955

    不错,学习了。

    0

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    2022-06-20 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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