PD-1/PD-L1药物大盘点——K、O、T、B、I、L、J 药

2022-03-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

PD-1 (Programmed cell death-1) 抑制剂和PD-L1 (Programmedcell death-L1) 抑制剂是一组检查点抑制剂抗癌药物,可阻断细胞表面PD-1和PDL1

PD-1 (Programmed cell death-1) 抑制剂和PD-L1 (Programmedcell death-L1) 抑制剂是一组检查点抑制剂抗癌药物,可阻断细胞表面PD-1和PDL1免疫检查点蛋白的活性。免疫检查点抑制剂正在成为几类癌症的一线治疗方法[1]。PD-1和PD-L1抑制剂起作用于抑制程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)与其受体,程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)的关联。这些细胞表面蛋白的相互作用参与免疫系统的抑制,并在感染后发生,以限制旁观者宿主细胞的杀伤并预防自身免疫性疾病[2]。这种免疫检查点在怀孕期间也很活跃,在组织同种异体移植物之后,和不同类型的癌症中[3]

PD-1,也称为CD279,于1992年首次被白细胞介素-3(IL-3)剥夺的LyD9(小鼠造血祖细胞)和2B4-11(小鼠T细胞杂交瘤)细胞系中剥离[4]。PD-1与CD28的氨基酸序列相似15%,与CTLA4相似20%,与诱导的T细胞共刺激器相似13% [5]。PD-1是一种55kDa跨膜蛋白,含有288个氨基酸,具有细胞外N-terminal结构域(IgV样),膜渗透结构域和细胞质尾部分别位于N端和C端,具有两个酪氨酸碱基[6]

PD-1配体(PD-L1;也称为CD279和B7-H1)属于B7系列,是一种33kDa 1型跨膜糖蛋白,含有290个氨基酸,其细胞外区域有Ig和IgC结构域[7]。(图一)

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图一: PD-1 / PD-L1轴抑制癌细胞内的T细胞活化,增殖,存活和细胞毒性分泌 [8]

PD-1/PD-L1轴可以通过癌细胞中的各种信号进行调制,在肿瘤发生中发挥关键作用。(图二)

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图二:PD-1/PD-L1表达的各种途径调控。PI3K/AKT通路、MAPK通路、JAK/STAT通路、WNT通路、NF-κB通路和 “刺猬”(Hh)通路促进PD-1/PD-L1轴的表达。

 

据报道,PD-1/PD-L1靶向抑制剂在癌症中起关键作用。此图总结了几个对改善癌症治疗至关重要的制度。(图三) 

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图三:PD-1 / PD-L1在癌症中的抑制剂。

 

接下来,我们就对现有的PD-1/PD-L1药物进行一个总结。

 

一、基本信息

 

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二、药物图片

 

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三、药物规格及用法用量

 

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四、药物适应症及不良反应

 

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免疫治疗相关不良反应及应对措施 IRAEs (immune-related adverse effects)

 

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免疫治疗相关不良反应的严重程度[9]

 

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  • 可以影响到任何器官

  • 临床表现和严重程度时而轻时而重

 

免疫治疗相关不良反应发生时间[10]

 

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  • 发生时间随不同种类的免疫抑制药物而略有不同

  • 可以发生在治疗过程中的任何时间点

  • 甚至可以发生在停止治疗之后

 

免疫治疗相关不良反应的监测[11]

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免疫治疗相关不良反应的治疗:

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  • 一级不良反应: 继续使用免疫治疗药物

  • 二级不良反应:暂停使用免疫治疗药物,等到不良反应恢复到一级,则可以重复使用

  • 三级不良反应:暂停使用免疫治疗药物 + 高剂量激素*

  • 四级不良反应:永久性停止免疫治疗药 + 高剂量激素*

     

* 激素选择:强的松或甲强的松 1-2mg/kg/day,用6周的时间逐渐减量
* 激素治疗不良反应

 

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Reference

1.Alsaab HO, Sau S,Alzhrani R, Tatiparti K, Bhise K, Kashaw SK, Iyer AK (23 August 2017). "PD-1 and PD-L1Checkpoint Signaling Inhibition for Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanism, Combinations,and Clinical Outcome". Frontiersin Pharmacology. 8: 561. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00561. PMC 5572324. PMID 28878676.

2.FranciscoLM, Sage PT, Sharpe AH (July 2010). "The PD-1pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity". ImmunologicalReviews. 236: 219–42. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x. PMC 2919275. PMID 20636820.

3.Jump up to:a b c d Sunshine J, Taube JM (August 2015). "PD-1/PD-L1inhibitors". CurrentOpinion in Pharmacology. 23: 32-. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2015.05.011. PMC 4516625. PMID 26047524.

4.Ishida Y, AgataY, Shibahara K and Honjo T. Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of theimmunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death. EMBO J 1992; 11:3887-3895.

5.Carreno BM andCollins M. The B7 family of li- gands and its receptors: new pathways for co-stimulation and inhibition of immune respons- es. Annu Rev Immunol 2002; 20:29-53.

6.Neel BG, Gu H andPao L. The ‘Shp’ing news: SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatas- es in cellsignaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2003; 28: 284-293.

7.Sharpe AH, WherryEJ, Ahmed R and Freeman GJ. The function of programmed cell death 1 and itsligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 239-245.

8.Han Y, Liu D, LiL. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2020 Mar1;10(3):727-742. PMID: 32266087; PMCID: PMC7136921.

9.Managingtoxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensusrecommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) ToxicityManagement Working Group

10.Immune CheckpointBlockade: A New Paradigm in Treating Advanced Cancer

11.NCCN – Managementof Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255146, encodeId=154b1255146b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be71139214f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PD-L1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13921, encryptionId=be71139214f, topicName=PD-L1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Wed Mar 30 11:20:08 CST 2022, time=2022-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206822, encodeId=3711120682203, content=总结的很好,每日学习<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151012/IMG561BAA9D6BE6E9457.jpg, createdBy=e2ea1655774, createdName=Lunar灰, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 09:26:28 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206794, encodeId=42531206e9409, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=99e6e4983cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科普#</a>这个好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗), TopicDto(id=74983, encryptionId=99e6e4983cc, topicName=科普)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 08:14:23 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206728, encodeId=20571206e2857, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=杨海东, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 22:11:07 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-30 smartjoy
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255146, encodeId=154b1255146b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be71139214f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PD-L1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13921, encryptionId=be71139214f, topicName=PD-L1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Wed Mar 30 11:20:08 CST 2022, time=2022-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206822, encodeId=3711120682203, content=总结的很好,每日学习<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151012/IMG561BAA9D6BE6E9457.jpg, createdBy=e2ea1655774, createdName=Lunar灰, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 09:26:28 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206794, encodeId=42531206e9409, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=99e6e4983cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科普#</a>这个好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗), TopicDto(id=74983, encryptionId=99e6e4983cc, topicName=科普)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 08:14:23 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206728, encodeId=20571206e2857, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=杨海东, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 22:11:07 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-29 Lunar灰

    总结的很好,每日学习#学习#

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255146, encodeId=154b1255146b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be71139214f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PD-L1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13921, encryptionId=be71139214f, topicName=PD-L1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Wed Mar 30 11:20:08 CST 2022, time=2022-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206822, encodeId=3711120682203, content=总结的很好,每日学习<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151012/IMG561BAA9D6BE6E9457.jpg, createdBy=e2ea1655774, createdName=Lunar灰, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 09:26:28 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206794, encodeId=42531206e9409, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=99e6e4983cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科普#</a>这个好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗), TopicDto(id=74983, encryptionId=99e6e4983cc, topicName=科普)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 08:14:23 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206728, encodeId=20571206e2857, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=杨海东, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 22:11:07 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255146, encodeId=154b1255146b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be71139214f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PD-L1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13921, encryptionId=be71139214f, topicName=PD-L1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Wed Mar 30 11:20:08 CST 2022, time=2022-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206822, encodeId=3711120682203, content=总结的很好,每日学习<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151012/IMG561BAA9D6BE6E9457.jpg, createdBy=e2ea1655774, createdName=Lunar灰, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 09:26:28 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206794, encodeId=42531206e9409, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=99e6e4983cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科普#</a>这个好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗), TopicDto(id=74983, encryptionId=99e6e4983cc, topicName=科普)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Tue Mar 29 08:14:23 CST 2022, time=2022-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1206728, encodeId=20571206e2857, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=杨海东, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 22:11:07 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-28 杨海东

    坚持学习

    0

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