收藏!如何使用SPSS软件中正态分布检验功能

2015-04-16 MedSci MedSci原创

正态分布概念由德国数学家Moivre于1733年首次提出,德国数学家Gauss率先将其应用于天文学研究,所以又称高斯分布。正态分布在数学、物理及工程学等领域非常重要,在统计学中也是影响深远。统计学中的t分布、F分布等都是在正态分布的基础上推导出来的,u检验也是以正态分布为基础。本文结合临床实际应用详细讲述SPSS软件中如何使用正态分布检验功能。 正态分布与非正态分布区别: •正态与非态分

正态分布概念由德国数学家Moivre于1733年首次提出,德国数学家Gauss率先将其应用于天文学研究,所以又称高斯分布。正态分布在数学、物理及工程学等领域非常重要,在统计学中也是影响深远。统计学中的t分布、F分布等都是在正态分布的基础上推导出来的,u检验也是以正态分布为基础。本文结合临床实际应用详细讲述SPSS软件中如何使用正态分布检验功能。

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正态分布与非正态分布区别:

•正态与非态分布资料对假设检验要求不同。正态分布资料一般用参数检验(如T检验等),而非正态分布资料则要用非参数检验;

•正态资料一般采用平均数±标准差表示;非正态资料建议采用中位数(四分位数间距IQR)表示,必要时提供range。

如何检验是正态分布还是非正态分布呢?

1.在SPSS软件工具栏中按图示依次点击Analyze » Descriptive » Explore开始检验正态分布。



2. 点击Explore跳出一个对话框,选择要分析的变量,选入因变量框内,然后点选Plots(图表),设置输出直方图,选择输出正态性检验图表,注意Display要选择Both。

3. 输出结果Tests of Normality, P>0.05代表正态分布。



在SAS中Kolmogorov-Smirnov一般适用于样本量大于2000,Shapiro-Wilk(W 检验)用于2000以内的样本。在SPSS中比较复杂,一般样本量50以内用Shapiro-Wilk,对于无权重或整数权重,在加权样本大小位于3 和 5000 之间时也可以采用。 

临床实际中正态分布资料并不多见,尤其是小样本研究;有些资料天然是偏态的:如血压,糖化血红蛋白水平。因为,这些资料在正常值范围内一般都认为“正常”,高一点与低一点并不太关心;但超过正常值,则会关心变化值。因此,这些资料分布即便是“正态”,但它们的临床意义也未必“正态”!

临床实际中对于关键指标,建议进行正态和非正态同时呈现。重要指标,务必检验正态还是非正态分布,选择正确的统计学方法;而非关键指标,建议以临床意义优先的处理原则,其实是方便。例如,患者体重并不呈正态分布,但是在本研究中,体重不是关键因素,也可以用平均数±标准差表示。

 

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    2017-10-12 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得一读.

    0

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    2015-12-31 冰沸点点

    0

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    2015-12-31 冰沸点点

    温故而知新

    0

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    2015-10-24 1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称)

    写的太棒了

    0

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    2015-10-24 1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称)

    学了!

    0

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    2015-09-09 yoga2008

    初步了解了

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=252340, encodeId=8e07252340dd, content=不错的文章值得一读., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 12 23:03:15 CST 2017, time=2017-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50823, encodeId=f0b850823ee, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151231/IMG5684A3A3C92AE9089.jpg, createdBy=c5e91675709, createdName=冰沸点点, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 17:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50822, encodeId=3479508222b, content=温故而知新, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151231/IMG5684A3A3C92AE9089.jpg, createdBy=c5e91675709, createdName=冰沸点点, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 17:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709498, encodeId=72931e09498e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d296324447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正态分布#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63244, encryptionId=9d296324447, topicName=正态分布)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=08c931720047, createdName=12498bf3m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40613, encodeId=8c2c40613a5, content=写的太棒了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b691655554, createdName=1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 24 14:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40614, encodeId=14b3406149a, content=学了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b691655554, createdName=1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 24 14:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36602, encodeId=7af93660207, content=初步了解了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6lR0HdZibhWZ3RhdaUDK6KyHGK2SicUtCduBWvF8hm7GFsXwViaPMPK97jxoI2XTaHOkOtJADxRrqzfrFIK5UtjJ5/0, createdBy=73f21396495, createdName=yoga2008, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 16:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26287, encodeId=91422628e39, content=已经学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 12:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500034, encodeId=56a2150003404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2b066324586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正态分布检验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63245, encryptionId=2b066324586, topicName=正态分布检验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a4e9409708, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Apr 18 08:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21275, encodeId=0f9a212e5d2, content=学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=537a1603630, createdName=sophomore, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 00:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-08 午夜星河

    已经学习了

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=252340, encodeId=8e07252340dd, content=不错的文章值得一读., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 12 23:03:15 CST 2017, time=2017-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50823, encodeId=f0b850823ee, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151231/IMG5684A3A3C92AE9089.jpg, createdBy=c5e91675709, createdName=冰沸点点, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 17:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50822, encodeId=3479508222b, content=温故而知新, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151231/IMG5684A3A3C92AE9089.jpg, createdBy=c5e91675709, createdName=冰沸点点, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 17:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709498, encodeId=72931e09498e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d296324447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正态分布#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63244, encryptionId=9d296324447, topicName=正态分布)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=08c931720047, createdName=12498bf3m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40613, encodeId=8c2c40613a5, content=写的太棒了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b691655554, createdName=1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 24 14:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40614, encodeId=14b3406149a, content=学了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b691655554, createdName=1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 24 14:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36602, encodeId=7af93660207, content=初步了解了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6lR0HdZibhWZ3RhdaUDK6KyHGK2SicUtCduBWvF8hm7GFsXwViaPMPK97jxoI2XTaHOkOtJADxRrqzfrFIK5UtjJ5/0, createdBy=73f21396495, createdName=yoga2008, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 16:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26287, encodeId=91422628e39, content=已经学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 12:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500034, encodeId=56a2150003404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2b066324586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正态分布检验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63245, encryptionId=2b066324586, topicName=正态分布检验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a4e9409708, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Apr 18 08:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21275, encodeId=0f9a212e5d2, content=学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=537a1603630, createdName=sophomore, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 00:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  10. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=252340, encodeId=8e07252340dd, content=不错的文章值得一读., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 12 23:03:15 CST 2017, time=2017-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50823, encodeId=f0b850823ee, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151231/IMG5684A3A3C92AE9089.jpg, createdBy=c5e91675709, createdName=冰沸点点, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 17:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50822, encodeId=3479508222b, content=温故而知新, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151231/IMG5684A3A3C92AE9089.jpg, createdBy=c5e91675709, createdName=冰沸点点, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 17:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709498, encodeId=72931e09498e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d296324447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正态分布#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63244, encryptionId=9d296324447, topicName=正态分布)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=08c931720047, createdName=12498bf3m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40613, encodeId=8c2c40613a5, content=写的太棒了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b691655554, createdName=1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 24 14:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40614, encodeId=14b3406149a, content=学了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b691655554, createdName=1ddd8d42m16(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 24 14:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36602, encodeId=7af93660207, content=初步了解了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6lR0HdZibhWZ3RhdaUDK6KyHGK2SicUtCduBWvF8hm7GFsXwViaPMPK97jxoI2XTaHOkOtJADxRrqzfrFIK5UtjJ5/0, createdBy=73f21396495, createdName=yoga2008, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 16:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26287, encodeId=91422628e39, content=已经学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 12:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500034, encodeId=56a2150003404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2b066324586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正态分布检验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63245, encryptionId=2b066324586, topicName=正态分布检验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a4e9409708, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Apr 18 08:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21275, encodeId=0f9a212e5d2, content=学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=537a1603630, createdName=sophomore, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 00:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-17 sophomore

    学习了,多谢分享

    0

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