Neurology:肾脏功能不足,可明显增加痴呆的发生率

2021-05-24 Freeman MedSci原创

肾脏功能不足,可明显增加痴呆的发生率

痴呆症是指认知能力和功能的逐渐下降,超过了正常的衰老过程,主要发生在老年人身上,估计65-74岁的患病率为5%,75-84岁为20%,85岁以上为50%。痴呆症与发病率和死亡率的增加有关,但治疗策略有限。目前,识别潜在的可改变的风险因素是预防痴呆症的唯一可行策略。

慢性肾脏病(CKD),即肾脏功能的持续下降,在老年人中也非常普遍,根据年龄层的不同,人口患病率为25-40%。即使是轻度的肾功能下降,如估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFR),也与合并症的风险明显增加有关,如心脑血管疾病、感染、贫血,以及可能的痴呆。

确实有越来越多的证据表明肾脏和大脑之间的关系。一些研究表明,CKD、认知障碍的高发率和认知功能的快速下降之间存在关联。然而,以往关于肾功能与痴呆症诊断发生率之间的研究显示出相互矛盾的结果,这可能是由于在评估肾功能或痴呆症的方法、研究人群(规模和选择标准)和纳入混杂因素等方面的根本性差异。

藉此,瑞典卡洛琳斯卡医学院的Hong Xu等人,在一个大型的肾脏功能人群中,探讨各种类型的痴呆症风险

他们纳入了2006-2011年期间获得医疗保健的斯德哥尔摩居民,年龄≥65岁,没有痴呆症病史或接受过肾脏替代治疗。并估计了205,622名在第一年观察期间重复测量过eGFR的居民的eGFR下降率,并调查了其与随后痴呆风险的关系。

在5年的中位随访期间,他们发现了18983例痴呆症(占参与者的5.8%)。

痴呆症发病率(IR)随着eGFR的降低而逐渐升高:从eGFR为90-104ml/min的人的6.56/1000人年到eGFR<30ml/min的人的30.28/1000人年。经多变量调整后,与eGFR为90-104ml/min的人相比,较低的eGFR与较高的痴呆风险有关[危险比(HR),1.71;95%置信区间(CI),eGFR为30-59ml/min时为1.54-1.91,eGFR<30ml/min时为HR 2.62,1.91-3.58] 。

一年内eGFR的急剧下降(下降>2ml/min/1.73m2/year)与较高的痴呆风险有关。

血管性痴呆的风险幅度比阿尔茨海默症的风险幅度要大。多达10%(95% CI 6-14%)的痴呆病例可归因于eGFR<60ml/min/1.73m2,这一比例高于归因于其他痴呆风险因素,如心血管疾病和糖尿病

这个大规模的人群研究,其现实意义在于,发现了肾脏功能不足,和痴呆的发生密切相关,改善肾脏功能或能减少痴呆发生率

原文出处:

Kidney Function, Kidney Function Decline, and the Risk of Dementia in Older Adults: A Registry-Based Study
Hong Xu, Sara Garcia-Ptacek, Marco Trevisan, Marie Evans, Bengt Lindholm, Maria Eriksdotter, Juan Jesus Carrero, Pharm
Neurology May 2021, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012113; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012113

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    2022-01-11 ms5000001510874325

    改善肾脏功能或能减少痴呆发生率

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    2022-04-07 yinhl1978
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    2021-06-23 10095170222

    肾功能下降,大脑受到额外毒素影响

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    2021-05-24 二爽

    学习了

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    2021-05-24 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

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    2021-05-24 学医无涯

    内脏之间相互影响

    0

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