Nat. Biotechnol:科学家用多能干细胞首次制造出心脏起搏细胞

2016-12-16 生物探索 生物探索

导读 12月12日的Nature Biotechnology杂志上发表的一项研究中,麦克尤恩再生医学中心从人类干细胞中开发出了第一个功能性的起搏细胞,这些人类起搏细胞在大鼠心脏中成功显示出生物起搏器的功能,通过激活电脉冲触发心脏收缩。该研究为可替代的生物起搏器治疗铺平道路。麦克尤恩再生医学中心的研究人员从人类干细胞中开发出了第一个功能性的起搏细胞,为可替代的生物起搏器治疗铺平道路。这项发表于12月

导读 12月12日的Nature Biotechnology(IF:43.113)杂志上发表的一项研究中,麦克尤恩再生医学中心从人类干细胞中开发出了第一个功能性的起搏细胞,这些人类起搏细胞在大鼠心脏中成功显示出生物起搏器的功能,通过激活电脉冲触发心脏收缩。该研究为可替代的生物起搏器治疗铺平道路。


麦克尤恩再生医学中心的研究人员从人类干细胞中开发出了第一个功能性的起搏细胞,为可替代的生物起搏器治疗铺平道路。这项发表于12月12日的Nature Biotechnology杂志上的研究阐述了人类多能干细胞如何在21天内被诱导分化为起搏细胞。这些人类起搏细胞在大鼠心脏中成功显示出生物起搏器的功能,通过激活电脉冲触发心脏收缩。

多能干细胞具有分化成200多种不同类型细胞的潜力,这些细胞可以组成身体的每一个组织和器官。窦房结起搏细胞是心脏首要的起搏器,控制着动物整个生命过程中的心跳。起搏器缺陷会导致心脏节律紊乱。目前,主要通过植入电子起搏器设备进行治疗。对研究人员来说,理解如何产生起搏细胞有助于弄清起搏细胞功能紊乱机制,并为开发生物起搏器提供细胞来源。生物起搏器具有替代电子起搏器的前景,它可以克服缺乏激素响应、存在感染风险、电池寿命有限以及无法适应儿童患者心脏大小变化的缺点。

根据此前在动物模型中的研究结果,研究人员测试并绘制出人类多能干细胞分化为起搏细胞的特殊发育途径。通过在21天内不同时间点测试不同的信号分子,引导多能干细胞分化为起搏细胞。


图片来源:参考文献

研究人员表示,这一过程十分棘手,不仅要确定正确的信号分子,还要在适当的浓度,正确的时间刺激干细胞。展现器官生长和发育中精准的发育生物学过程十分重要,研究人员在培养皿中以同样的精度复制出了这一过程。

研究人员指出,测试这种生物起搏器的临床试验大概需要5到10年的时间,他们的下一个目标是启动安全性和可靠性的预临床试验。同时,研究人员可以利用这项新技术从来自心脏起搏功能障碍患者的细胞制造起搏细胞,并利用这些疾病细胞进行相关药物研究。

从长远来看,研究小组希望开发生物起搏器移植到需要电子起搏器的患者中。在加拿大,每年超过10000的电子起搏器被植入到患者中,超过12万患者带着这些装置生存。它们使用寿命一般为5到10年,平均7年。如果生物起搏器获得成功,患者将有终身治愈的希望。

原始出处:

[1] Stephanie I Protze,et al. Sinoatrial node cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent cells function as a biological pacemaker. Nature Biotechnology. 12 December 2016.

[2] Scientists produce functional heart pacemaker cells. Medicalpress.December 14, 2016.

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    2017-05-23 sunylz
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    2017-03-19 shock_melon
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    2017-02-10 liye789132251
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    2017-02-08 cathymary

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