Nat Biomed Eng:精准调控你的脑神经回路,智能手机做到了

2019-08-07 杜贝贝 生物探索

帕金森氏病、抑郁症、焦虑症、阿尔兹海默症等神经精神类疾病不仅日渐危害患者的身体健康,而且还导致沉重的医疗负担和家庭悲剧。然而,目前科学家们对此类疾病的发病机制和有效治疗手段依然知之甚少。了解精准调控神经回路的技术,对我们深入理解、治疗此类疾病存在重大意义。

帕金森氏病、抑郁症、焦虑症、阿尔兹海默症等神经精神类疾病不仅日渐危害患者的身体健康,而且还导致沉重的医疗负担和家庭悲剧。然而,目前科学家们对此类疾病的发病机制和有效治疗手段依然知之甚少。了解精准调控神经回路的技术,对我们深入理解、治疗此类疾病存在重大意义。

当前,神经药理学、光遗传学是公认较为先进的对大脑深层神经回路的精准解码手段。但,它们往往被输送药物的材料所限制,面临不断的药物耗尽或蒸发的挑战,以至于不能长时间靶向与疾病相关的特定神经元,原本需要几个月的研究不断被中止。

近日,发表在《Nature Biomedical Engineering》杂志上的一篇文章,突破了这一研究瓶颈!来自韩国高等科学技术研究所和西雅图华盛顿大学的研究人员们表示:一种微型无线设备在植入脑部神经后,可通过智能手机操作完成精准投放任何特定组合的药物或者光线到达目标神经细胞之中,辅助慢性神经药理学和光遗传学实现精准、长效、可控的脑回路操作。

可替换药物盒,无限续航

精准投递的目标实现了,那么长时间靶向的问题呢?无线耳机Airpods配备的充电盒能够随时随地为Airpods充电,类比一下,药物长续航不就需要这样一个充电盒吗?

于是,研究人员们又合作发明了一种带有可替换药物盒的神经装置,解决了药物长续航问题,神经科学家可以在几个月内自在研究脑神经回路,而不必担心药物用完。

带有可替换药物盒的神经装置 图片来源:韩国高等科学技术研究院

这个神经装置和Airpods充电盒差不多大,原理也很类似。

先看看其药筒的使用方法,与 “Airpods充电盒”有点类似,即插即用,但也不同,它是一次性的,用完丢掉。再看看探头,约一根头发的厚度、丝般柔软,植入异样感不存在!最后看看通道,约一粒盐大小的微流体通道和LED光线通道,竟然能够承载无限剂量的药物和光能传输。超强续航,绝对没问题!

KAIST电气工程Jeong小组的Jae-Woong Jeong教授兴奋地表示:“这种革命性的设备是先进电子设计和强大的微纳米工程的结晶,我们将进一步开发这项技术,为临床应用制造脑植入物。”

为了实时监控药物、光敏的变化、随意变换药物组合、以及精准转换神经细胞研究位置,研究人员还开发了相应的智能手机APP。通过无线连接神经设备,轻触手机界面便能产生实际操作,让科学家们有机会摆脱实验室“呆太久”的困境。

此外,研究人们还通过编程设计了全自动化的动物标准研究程序,来观察某一只动物在光或药物的释放速率或剂量的影响下,能否对其他动物的行为产生影响。

华盛顿大学医学院麻醉学和疼痛医学与药理学教授Michael Bruchas表示:“这一装置让我们能够更好地剖析行为产生的神经回路,以及大脑中特定的神经是以何种方式来调节行为的。我们惊喜地发现,这种装置能够帮助科学家们进行复杂的药理学研究,也为治疗疼痛、成瘾和情绪障碍创制了新的疗法。”

脑部植入,风险仍然很大

尽管此研究突破了神经研究的研究瓶颈,推动了长效精准的脑神经研究进程。但,其试验的风险也同样让人担心。比如:无线WiFi辐射是不是可能会破坏血脑屏障,导致血管爆炸,从而损伤脑细胞?无线WiFi辐射是不是可能会对大脑造成不可逆转的伤害,并且正在发育中的孩子将承受的伤害更大呢?又或者说,人体植入是否符合伦理标准呢?

原始出处:
Qazi R1,2, Gomez AM3, Castro DC3,4, et al.Wireless optofluidic brain probes for chronic neuropharmacology and photostimulation.Nat Biomed Eng. 2019 Aug 5. doi: 10.1038/s41551-019-0432-1. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2020-04-27 siiner
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    2019-10-13 spoonycyy
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    2020-06-02 liye789132251
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    2020-02-27 仁心济世
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