J Clin Invest:NGS提早发现前列腺癌“指纹”,助力其诊断和治疗监测

2020-03-11 竹子 转化医学网

导读:现有的前列腺特异性抗原测试不能很快识别癌症是否扩散,研究人员在血检中发现一种早期循环生物标志物,提高了识别的敏感度,可用于前列腺癌的诊断和治疗监测。

导读:现有的前列腺特异性抗原测试不能很快识别癌症是否扩散,研究人员在血检中发现一种早期循环生物标志物,提高了识别的敏感度,可用于前列腺癌的诊断和治疗监测。

近日,伦敦大学学院(UCL)的科学家在《临床研究杂志》上发表研究,发现使用下一代测序(NGS)可以识别血液中前列腺癌的最早基因变化,可检测癌症是否扩散,能够大大改善前列腺癌男性的预后。

先前的研究集中在组织样本中,但是这需要进行侵入性活检。

研究人员说,他们在血液中成功发现了一种前列腺组织的“指纹”,或称为早期循环生物标志物,当被发现时就可以识别出癌症正在扩散。由于可以通过简单的验血(通常称为液体活检)检测到这一点,因此内科医生可以定期并实时监测癌症对治疗的反应。

未来的研究人员将查看该测试是否可以补充或取代现有的前列腺特异性抗原测试,该测试用于前列腺癌的诊断和治疗监测。

首席作者吴安瑞博士(UCL癌症研究所)说:“转移性前列腺癌是该病最危险的晚期阶段,其治疗反应和临床进展可能有很大差异。

“我们迫切需要生物标记物,以帮助我们确定每个患者的癌症病程,以确定最佳治疗方案。

“由于难以获得肿瘤活检组织,能够尽早在血液中识别出前列腺癌的DNA特征,将有助于更好地监测患者并协助更有效的治疗选择和组合。”

在这一概念验证研究中,研究人员着手研究一种称为DNA甲基化的过程,即DNA分子中可影响基因功能的化学变化,并已在组织中进行了研究。

为此,使用NGS同时分析了25位转移性前列腺癌患者的无循环细胞DNA(释放到血浆中的降解DNA片段)的甲基化和基因组图谱。作为对照,还分析了四个健康的血浆样品。

该研究小组通过查询分子图谱,以确定循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)甲基化,该甲基化可用于敏感地追踪肿瘤含量的变化。

传统上,从血液中提取的循环无细胞DNA的数量和质量可能受到限制:令人惊讶的是,研究人员发现,在患有前列腺癌的男性血液样本中,有1000多种针对前列腺的甲基化变化。利用这一发现,他们将这些变化发展成为一种特征(可以在临床中使用的血液测试),以追踪血液中的前列腺遗传物质以监测癌症的活动。

伦敦大学学院癌症研究所的格特·阿塔尔德(Gert Attard)教授说:

“我们现在正在试验患者中测试我们的新技术,看它是否可以补充或替代传统的血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA),用于诊断、风险分配和监测治疗效果。

“我们相信增加的敏感性和我们获得的其他信息将大大改善晚期前列腺癌男性的预后。”

伦敦大学学院医学院院长马克·恩伯顿(Mark Emberton)教授说:“最近,液体活检领域显示出巨大的潜力,可以改善癌症患者的诊断和治疗。

“这项测试可能是第一个告诉我们,在扩散到足够大的影像学检查之前,癌症已经进入血液。这使针对前列腺癌扩散风险最高的男性进行治疗成为可能。”

原始出处:

Anjui Wu, Paolo Cremaschi, Daniel Wetterskog, et.al. Genome-wide plasma DNA methylation features of metastatic prostate cancer. JCI March 9, 2020

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    2020-12-13 gous
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    2020-03-12 Tommy1949
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    2020-03-11 misszhang

    前列腺癌相关研究,学习了,谢谢梅斯

    0

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