Science重磅:何时吃比吃得少更重要!在适当时间进食可延长寿命三分之一

2022-05-08 nagashi “生物世界”公众号

禁食不仅仅会减少热量的摄入,还限制了热量摄入的时间。最近,德州大学西南医学中心的研究人员发现,在延年益寿方面,“何时吃”可能比“吃得少”更重要!

一直以来,延年益寿是大多数人的诉求。但实际上,长寿的秘诀很简单,那就是少吃。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,禁食(Fasting)是实现老年保护的有效干预措施,在多种动物中均被证实可以延长寿命,并预防或延缓许多与年龄相关的疾病。

值得注意的是,禁食不仅仅会减少热量的摄入,还限制了热量摄入的时间。最近,德州大学西南医学中心的研究人员发现,在延年益寿方面,“何时吃”可能比“吃得少”更重要!

这项研究于2022年5月5日发表在了国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上,论文标题为:Circadian alignment of early onset caloric restriction promotes longevity in male C57BL/6J mice.

在当下,运动、健身以及均衡饮食等健康理念已成为共识,有趣的是,禁食(Fasting)行为并非健康的生活方式,却一直备受追捧,在社交网络上,不少明星、网红都声称这是最好的减肥方法。

事实上,近几十年来,越来越多的科学研究表明,除了能减肥,禁食还能带来许多健康益处,例如改善代谢健康,促进癌症和糖尿病的治疗,甚至还能延长健康寿命!

在这项研究中,为了解开热量摄入、禁食和每日或昼夜节律对长寿的影响,德州大学西南医学中心的 Joseph Takahashi 及其研究团队进行了一项为期四年的广泛实验:研究小组喂养了数百只小鼠,并配备了自动喂食器,以控制每只小鼠在其整个生命周期内的进食时间和进食量。

不同的小鼠喂食方案

在这些小鼠中,其中一部分可以随心所欲地吃,而另一些小鼠的热量摄入被限制在30%到40%之间。不仅如此,这些热量摄入被限制的小鼠的进食时间表也不同——有些在白天进食,而另一些在晚上进食。

研究团队发现,在雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠中,相比于无热量限制的随意饮食,仅低热量饮食就能使小鼠的寿命延长10%。更令人惊讶的是,那些只在晚上进食且低热量饮食的小鼠,其平均寿命延长了9个月,相当于延长小鼠35%的寿命!

夜间禁食延长小鼠35%的寿命

Joseph Takahashi 表示:这种限制饮食的策略并没有影响小鼠的体重,反而极大地影响了它们的寿命!我们都知道小鼠在晚上更活跃,所以晚上是小鼠一天中的正常活动和进食时间。因此,如果想把这种方法应用到人类身上,我们应该在白天进食。基于这些发现,他将自己的进食时间限制在了白天的12小时内。

Joseph Takahashi

研究的进一步探究了特定时间的禁食方案为什么能延长小鼠的寿命,他们发现,禁食是在细胞和基因水平上延缓衰老的:衰老诱导肝脏中与炎症相关的基因表达普遍增加,并降低代谢途径的基因编码成分的表达,而夜间禁食可以改善这些与衰老有关的变化。

禁食行为减少衰老诱导肝脏炎症变化

美国国家老龄化研究所的研究员 Rafael de Cabo 博士评论道:“这也解释了一个令人疑惑的现象——为什么有的人没有从热量限制饮食中获得益处。真实情况是,即使你限制了热量摄入,但你没有在正确的时间进食,你也不能得到热量限制的全部益处。”

总而言之,这项研究发现了热量限制饮食联合昼夜节律干预可以有效延长小鼠的寿命,这提示我们,生物钟可以影响禁食行为带来的健康益处,并为进一步探索衰老机制提供了一个全新视角。

昼夜节律可以影响禁食行为带来的健康益处

Joseph Takahashi 表示,希望在不远的将来,在充分了解了生物钟与禁食的相互作用之后,能找到延长人类健康寿命的新方法。如果我们找到了一种可以增强生物钟的药物,就可以在实验室进行测试,看看它是否能延长寿命。

原始出处:

VICTORIA ACOSTA-RODRíGUEz, et al. Circadian alignment of early onset caloric restriction promotes longevity in male C57BL/6J mice. SCIENCE, 5 May 2022.

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    2022-05-10 jichang
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    2022-05-10 xxxx1054
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    2022-05-10 gj0737
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    2022-05-09 ayqdf

    感谢分享。

    0

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