Eur Spine J:如何置入颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉?

2014-11-25 紫川秀第二 童勇骏 丁香园

前路颈椎手术固定通常将螺钉打在颈椎椎体的前2/3内,但对部分严重损伤,或者损伤节段较多,单纯的椎体螺钉固定并不能提供有效的力学强度,前路椎体椎弓根螺钉应运而生,前路椎体椎弓根螺钉可以提供较单纯的椎体螺钉更好的力学强度,从而避免额外的后路固定手术。 Aramomi首次介绍了前路椎体椎弓根螺钉的改变,并将之成功应用与9例患者中,但因前路颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉过程中较大风险,该技术在临床中的使用并

前路颈椎手术固定通常将螺钉打在颈椎椎体的前2/3内,但对部分严重损伤,或者损伤节段较多,单纯的椎体螺钉固定并不能提供有效的力学强度,前路椎体椎弓根螺钉应运而生,前路椎体椎弓根螺钉可以提供较单纯的椎体螺钉更好的力学强度,从而避免额外的后路固定手术。

Aramomi首次介绍了前路椎体椎弓根螺钉的改变,并将之成功应用与9例患者中,但因前路颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉过程中较大风险,该技术在临床中的使用并不多。

宁波六院的Liujun Zhao和Rongming Xu等人结合人体颈椎解剖学特征,近期在EUR Spine J上介绍了下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉的进针角度和轨迹,现介绍如下。

对患者的颈椎CT片进行解剖学测量,选择每例患者最清晰的横断位CT(可清楚的显示颈椎椎弓根和颈椎椎体,图1)及矢状位重建CT(可清晰显示单侧颈椎椎弓根,和完整的椎体前缘,图2),矢状位重建包括C3-C7。如图1,图2所示,将椎体分为1-4等分,并测量横断及矢状位重建CT上以下值:

1.AL,轴位长度:水平CT上,椎体前缘的螺钉进针点到侧块上的距离;

2.α,外倾角:椎体横轴与前路椎弓根螺钉交叉角度;

3.SL,矢状位长度:椎体前缘螺钉金诊断到侧快上的轴位距离;

4.β,头倾及尾倾角:向头端倾角度为阳性,向尾端倾角度为阴性;

图1.jpg

图1:横断位CT面上测量AL及α外倾角的方法;

图2.jpg

图2:矢状位CT重建上测量SL及β头倾及尾倾角的方法;

50例人体颈椎CT纳入研究,结果显示:

在横断位上,C3-5的外倾角度逐渐增大,而在C5-7的外倾角度则逐渐减小;在矢状位上,C3-4的椎弓根逐渐向头侧倾斜,而C5-7的椎弓根逐渐向尾侧倾斜;AL和SL值,从C3-7逐渐增加。如表1,2,3所示。

表1:不同椎体的α外倾角和β头倾/尾倾角

表1.JPG

表2:不同椎体的AL和SL值

表2.JPG

表3:颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉在椎体上最佳置入区域

表3.JPG

图3.jpg

图3:颈椎前路椎体椎弓根螺钉的置钉轨迹和角度。在矢状位上,C3,4椎体头倾斜角度减小,C5接近水平,而C6,7尾倾增加

图4.jpg

图4:病历示教,74岁老年男性,C5-6骨折脱位,不完全截瘫,a-c前后位及侧位X片,提示C5,6骨折脱位;d,MRI检查提示颈椎后方韧带复合体损伤,颈前C5/6,C6/7椎间盘突出,硬膜受压;e,f,术后前后及侧位X片提示骨折复位,螺钉位置良好;g,h,术后轴位CT,显示C5,7螺钉置入位置;i,矢状位CT重建,示颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉位置良好。


原始出处:

Zhao L1, Li G, Liu J, Benedict GM, Ebraheim NA, Ma W, Sun S, Xu R, Ruan C.Radiological studies on the best entry point and trajectory of anterior cervical pedicle screw in the lower cervical spine.Eur Spine J. 2014 Oct;23(10):2175-81. doi: 10.1007/s00586-014-3473-x. Epub 2014 Jul 24.



您还可以通过微信阅读这条新闻,更多精彩内容 尽在MedSci微信。


版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2043084, encodeId=b0d5204308468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=670c6286e3c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎弓根螺钉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62867, encryptionId=670c6286e3c, topicName=椎弓根螺钉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e68e415, createdName=juliusluan78, createdTime=Fri Dec 12 02:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21031, encodeId=a90a2103105, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 08:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699361, encodeId=7d53169936172, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Tue Jan 27 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740836, encodeId=77eb1e4083638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=923710059024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈椎前路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100590, encryptionId=923710059024, topicName=颈椎前路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0dfb34820525, createdName=1696533704_45270465, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2043084, encodeId=b0d5204308468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=670c6286e3c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎弓根螺钉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62867, encryptionId=670c6286e3c, topicName=椎弓根螺钉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e68e415, createdName=juliusluan78, createdTime=Fri Dec 12 02:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21031, encodeId=a90a2103105, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 08:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699361, encodeId=7d53169936172, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Tue Jan 27 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740836, encodeId=77eb1e4083638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=923710059024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈椎前路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100590, encryptionId=923710059024, topicName=颈椎前路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0dfb34820525, createdName=1696533704_45270465, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-12 x35042875

    脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2043084, encodeId=b0d5204308468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=670c6286e3c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎弓根螺钉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62867, encryptionId=670c6286e3c, topicName=椎弓根螺钉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e68e415, createdName=juliusluan78, createdTime=Fri Dec 12 02:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21031, encodeId=a90a2103105, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 08:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699361, encodeId=7d53169936172, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Tue Jan 27 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740836, encodeId=77eb1e4083638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=923710059024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈椎前路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100590, encryptionId=923710059024, topicName=颈椎前路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0dfb34820525, createdName=1696533704_45270465, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-27 mgqwxj
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2043084, encodeId=b0d5204308468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=670c6286e3c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎弓根螺钉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62867, encryptionId=670c6286e3c, topicName=椎弓根螺钉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e68e415, createdName=juliusluan78, createdTime=Fri Dec 12 02:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21031, encodeId=a90a2103105, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 08:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699361, encodeId=7d53169936172, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Tue Jan 27 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740836, encodeId=77eb1e4083638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=923710059024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈椎前路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100590, encryptionId=923710059024, topicName=颈椎前路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0dfb34820525, createdName=1696533704_45270465, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 05:09:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

JBJS:青少年脊柱侧弯异常椎弓根多见于胸椎凹侧,顶椎附近

与其它脊柱内固定器械相比,椎弓根螺钉具有更好的抗拔出力和矫形能力。使用椎弓根螺钉可提高侧弯的三维矫形,融合节段短,翻修次数也少。椎弓根螺钉置钉需要深入理解椎弓根的形态。置钉不当可损害把持力,或导致严重的并发症,包括邻近脏器、血管和神经结构的损伤。 有学者通过三维重建、CT和MRI观察了青少年特发性脊柱侧弯椎弓根的形态,发现凹侧椎弓根较窄,与年龄、Risser征、侧弯角度与旋转无明显相关性。椎

Spine:锥形束CT导航技术可减少医生的辐射暴露

近年来,C形臂X光机在脊柱外科手术中的使用率逐年上升,引发了对脊柱外科医师辐射损害的担扰。术中透视时间愈长,X线对医护人员及患者损害的几率也显著增大。科学合理地管理术中辐射暴露的剂量是非常重要的,已经到了需要亟待解决的程度。 随着防辐射设备和计算机影像技术的飞速发展,以透视或CT为基础的影像导航系统开始应用于脊柱外科手术。影像导航技术能够提高脊柱器械置入的准确性,增加病人的安全性,但基于

Spine:椎弓根反复置钉并不改变螺钉抗拔出强度

目前椎弓根螺钉在临床中应用已经较为广泛。在手术置钉过程中经常遇到螺钉置入位置不满意,需要调整螺钉位置的情况,反复开口并拧入椎弓根螺钉,从日常认知角度来说,可能会出现螺钉无法牢固固定在椎弓根内的情况。为此,临床中经常强调,置钉最好能在一次内完成。 但是真实的情况是这样么?Daniel G. Kang等人就此有趣的问题进行了尸体学研究,发现,多次沿同一轨迹置入椎弓根螺钉会改变椎弓根螺钉拧入时

JNS:机器人引导椎弓根螺钉植入术安全有效

椎弓根螺钉植入是后路胸腰椎手术的根本,然而,其和并发症多相关,如螺钉定位错误。近年来,改善椎弓根螺钉植入的安全性和准确性成为努力的方向。导航和术中成像应运而生。大多数辅助技术的目的为协助外科医生可视化大多数看不见的解剖学结构,以方便椎弓根螺钉植入。最近,有文献报道,机器人引导椎弓根螺钉植入术会增加椎弓根螺钉植入的准确性。 为了评估机器人引导椎弓根螺钉植入术的准确性及安全性,瑞士学者Bawar

Spine:椎动脉枢椎段走行与C2椎弓根螺钉3D分析

C2椎弓根螺钉因具有融合率高等优势,在枢椎内固定术中被广泛采用,但是,当高跨椎动脉(High Riding Vertebral Artery, HRVA)存在时,其行经枢椎时大部分位于枢椎内,靠近寰枢关节,使椎动脉术中受损机率增加。 HAVA的概念来自C1-2经关节螺钉术相关的矢状面视图,但事实上IAVA的走行是立体多向的,以往的研究对相关情况评估不足,且对IAVA和C2经椎弓根螺钉(C

Spine:腰椎内固定可致固定节段远端椎间孔及神经根压力升高

脊柱内固定自20世纪70年代描述以来,已广泛用于各种脊柱疾病的治疗,包括退变,创伤,肿瘤和畸形。椎弓根钉系统由后向前贯穿脊柱的三柱,可实现牢固内固定,不像椎板下钢丝和钩只固定后柱。但由于可能的置钉错误,而导致如术后根性症状,假关节和内固定失败。 术中椎弓根钉置钉通常以平片确定,包括正侧位,电视X光机或椎弓根壁的试探。有文献报道,术中拍片有较高的错判率,可误将错误置钉以为正确。尽管X光机可