世界精神卫生日:小胖墩 可能源自心理压力过大

2018-10-09 喻小念 健康界

个子不到一米四的小强,虽然才9岁,体重却已超过60公斤。腆着个大肚子,又大又圆的脑袋下几乎看不见脖子,坐下来就不愿动,典型的肥胖儿童。小强自幼就胖,但上小学后愈发的严重了。最近一学期学校反映,小强参加体育课越来越困难,稍微活动就气喘吁吁的,担心是不是身体有病了。爸妈带去医院检查后,倒也没有发现任何的疾病,医生的意见,孩子太胖,心肺负担重,体力活动能力自然下降,应该控制体重。减肥成了小强的新任务。对

个子不到一米四的小强,虽然才9岁,体重却已超过60公斤。腆着个大肚子,又大又圆的脑袋下几乎看不见脖子,坐下来就不愿动,典型的肥胖儿童

小强自幼就胖,但上小学后愈发的严重了。最近一学期学校反映,小强参加体育课越来越困难,稍微活动就气喘吁吁的,担心是不是身体有病了。爸妈带去医院检查后,倒也没有发现任何的疾病,医生的意见,孩子太胖,心肺负担重,体力活动能力自然下降,应该控制体重。减肥成了小强的新任务。

对一个九岁的孩子,如何减肥而又不影响健康,着实让小强的爸妈苦恼不已。近半年,小强尝试了多种办法,体重不仅继续增长,脾气还变得越来越暴躁,动不动就发怒,甚至在学校打人,学习成绩也明显下降,不愿意去学校,不愿意参加集体活动,每天早晨起床成了非常困难的战争。不得已,小强被爸妈带来心理咨询室,想看看心理医生有没有办法帮助孩子。

孩子的肥胖,心理医生首先考虑的是遗传因素。通过询问,小强的父母及祖父母等都没有明显的肥胖者,所以基本排除。其次,排除某些疾病导致的肥胖。通过各项相关医学检查,小强也没有这方面的疾病。那么,小强最可能的肥胖因素应该就是饮食过度运动不足等因素。

医生仔细了解后发现,小强食量并不特别大,但是喜欢吃零食,几乎只要空闲时间,都在吃东西。以前,家长也试图通过减少小强的零食减肥,结果发现根本没办法,只要不满足零食,小强就大吵大闹,什么都不做。虽然小强爸妈有时很想忍心坚持一下,耐不住爷爷奶奶心疼孙子,零食和体重终归都控制不足。老人甚至认为,孩子胖点没关系,长大了自然就不馋零食了,体重也许就会下降。

真的是这样吗?心理医生从孩子的肥胖中看到的却不是这样。孩子的肥胖是过度摄食行为导致的,但这种过度零食的行为可能与某种不良心理因素有关。这种不良心理因素不改善,不仅影响孩子现在的体重,其成人后的体重和心理健康都一定会受巨大影响。那么,小强会有什么不良心理因素吗?

小强是独生子女父母的独生子,典型的四二一式家庭的核心,自然是万千宠爱于一身。打出生起,小强就被父母及爷爷奶奶、姥爷姥姥照顾得无微不至。至爱着小强的父母祖父母们,同样都对小强充满了期待,都希望宝贝核心成长为自己心目中的优秀人才。

六个大人各有一番意见要求,无法统一,不时发生大小不一的争执。为此,小强从幼儿园开始就参加各种补习班学习,这么多年来虽然也没有什么突出的表现,可大人们依然是满怀期待。上学之后,除了学校的学习,课余时间,小强基本都在各种补习班与兴趣班中奔忙着。几年下来,小强的学习与兴趣没见什么突出的表现,食欲倒是越来越大,三餐之外吃零食的习惯越来越厉害,体重也是越来越重。

如此看来小强的超重,其实是一种心理压力过大的焦虑结果。一个孩子,因为负荷太多大人们的期待,没有时间和机会去发展自我意识,获得真正的自我满足感,故而内心是充满焦虑的。但孩子并不能意识到自己的焦虑,更无法正确表达与缓解这种焦虑。

而食物是人类满足心理需求最基本的部分,摄食过程就是一个减压、消除焦虑的过程。此外,食物也使小强最容易获得满足感和自我控制感,因此小强在无意识中选择用零食来缓解内心的紧张焦虑感,而至爱的父母祖父母们也乐意为他提供丰富充足的零食。如此一来,小强因被过度期待感受到巨大心理压力,进而转变为紧张焦虑,为对抗缓解这种焦虑,故不停地吃零食,不断循环导致体重过度增加,最后成了小胖墩。这样的肥胖,如果不从根源上去改善,一般的减肥不仅无效,还会加剧精神情绪的失调,甚至失控。这也是小强最近脾气越来越暴躁,甚至出现打人等行为的重要原因

如此,为小强适当减压调节应该是最根本的对策。小强父母通过与心理医生的沟通,对小强的额外学习任务做了适当的消减,给出充分的时间让孩子按自己的意愿自由安排,更多的引导孩子参加一些有趣的户外活动。当小强逐渐恢复到开朗活泼的状态后,对零食的依赖明显减少,也更愿意出去与同龄孩子玩耍,情绪也安静许多。半年后,小强个子长高了5公分,体重反而降到了50公斤,人也变得积极开朗了许多,学习也有了不小的进步。

小强的变化告诉我们,在今天这样的压力社会,孩子们也同样遭受着父辈们未曾有的紧张焦虑,如果我们不能正视并处理好,一定会对孩子们成人后的精神心理健康造成巨大的危害。所以,心理医生呼吁,心理健康,快乐人生,更应“从娃娃抓起”。

专家简介:

喻小念  航空总医院心身医学科主任 主任医师  教授

毕业于华西医科大学,获日本九州大学大学院医学/心理学博士学位,拥有日本国立精神神经研究中心博士后研究员经历。长期从事精神因素刺激对机体健康影响的研究及各类精神心理疾病的临床诊治,具有深厚医学、心理学素养及20余年临床及教学经验。

专业特长:各类精神心理疾病的临床诊治,调节各种躯体疾病中的心理问题,并对各种社会适应性障碍及心理危机、一般人群的恋爱婚姻家庭问题、工作学习问题、就业问题等给予必要的心理咨询服务。

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    2018-10-10 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2018-10-09 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有哦

    0

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    2018-10-09 营养医师

    研究生胖了20斤

    0

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    2018-10-09 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享/

    0

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