成人生长激素缺乏症诊治指南解读

2015-11-24 佚名 国际糖尿病网

作者:解放军第二炮兵总医院  李全民 AGHD常不典型,临床关注度低 临床上对成人生长激素缺乏症(Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency,AGHD)的关注度不够,原因主要有两点:其一,本病临床症状不典型,多为非特异性症状,如脂肪组织增加,肌肉量减少;乏力、疲惫;睡眠障碍、抑郁、生活质量下降。因症状多不典型而未引起注意。其二,AGHD患者在给予替代治疗后,更多是

作者:解放军第二炮兵总医院  李全民

AGHD常不典型,临床关注度低

临床上对成人生长激素缺乏症(Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency,AGHD)的关注度不够,原因主要有两点:其一,本病临床症状不典型,多为非特异性症状,如脂肪组织增加,肌肉量减少;乏力、疲惫;睡眠障碍、抑郁、生活质量下降。因症状多不典型而未引起注意。其二,AGHD患者在给予替代治疗后,更多是改善了生活质量,而且治疗费用较高。因此关注度低也与经济水平低有关。

AGDH的筛查和诊断流程

AGHD最易发生在既往患有下丘脑-垂体疾病(接受过垂体瘤手术)、接受过头部放疗或手术治疗、颅脑损伤或蛛网膜下腔出血患者。还有一类是儿童生长激素缺乏症患者进入成年后还可能持续存在生长激素缺乏。第三类人群为特发性AGHD,其发病原因不明。

上述人群应尤其需要关注生长激素水平,在确认存在成人生长激素缺乏后,判断其是否有疲惫、乏力、肌肉量减少、骨密度下降、睡眠障碍、抑郁等症状。如有上述症状,继续行实验室检测。若出现血脂偏高、低密度脂蛋白偏高、甘油三酯偏高、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)偏低等,需要进行激发试验来确诊。常用的激发试验是胰岛素耐量试验(ITT)(即在静脉中持续注入胰岛素,每15分钟测定血糖1次,同时留血标本,当血糖<2.2 mmol/L时测定生长激素水平,如此时生长激素仍然<3μg/L就可确诊为AGHD),但对于冠心病、老年人群,此试验存在一定风险,可改做胰高血糖素刺激试验(即肌注胰高血糖素后,分别于不同时间点测定生长激素水平,如<3μg/L可确诊)。

胰岛素样生长因子1在生长激素缺乏症筛查和监测中的意义

胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)是生长激素发挥生理作用过程中必须的一种活性蛋白多肽物质,正常情况下机体有一定的IGF-1水平,偏低则可能存在AGHD。IGF-1对生长激素缺乏症的诊断和治疗有一定意义。诊断时,需排除其他IGF-1的影响因素,水平较低者可能患有AGHD,但需要实施激发试验进一步诊断。如激发试验中IFG-1水平仍低,则提示为严重的生长激素缺乏症。

监测IGF-1水平更大的意义在于帮助确定治疗目标,在治疗中需要根据IGF-1的水平调整生长激素剂量。AGHD采用生长激素治疗常从小剂量(0.1U/kg)开始,每1~2月调整剂量。1~2月后测定IGF-1水平如未达到相同人群的正常值,需再增加0.1 U,逐渐调整剂量使IGF-1达到相同人群的正常值。

AGDH的治疗原则和注意事项

★ 首先,研究显示,生长激素缺乏可能与衰老相关。在国外曾被用于抗衰老的治疗。考虑到花费、获益程度以及所带来的风险未知,目前FDA未批准重组人生长激素用于抗衰老治疗。仅在有相关临床症状,化验检查支持为生长激素缺乏症时才应用生长激素替代治疗。

★ 其次,不同人群使用的生长激素剂量不同,要把握个体化原则。由于雌激素会抵消部分生长激素作用,在女性患者使用时,剂量应偏多;而老年人可能会出现较多副作用,因而给予剂量偏少。

★ 第三,如同时合并其他疾病时要注意调整其他药物剂量。例如,当存在甲状腺功能减退、肾上腺皮质功能低下等疾病时,常需要增加甲状腺激素和肾上腺皮质激素的治疗剂量。

★ 第四,生长激素剂量的影响因素较多,包括患者是否服用雌激素、是否患糖尿病、年龄等其他因素。

★ 第五,使用生长激素后要监测IGF-1水平,每6月~1年检测一次常规生化、血脂、电解质、心电图等,还需监测骨代谢指标以及生活质量的改善情况(通过生活质量量表来评估,如评价抑郁、睡眠质量等症状是否明显改善)。生活质量的评估是关键。如治疗半年后生活质量量表同治疗前相比未改善,则不建议继续治疗;若治疗后生活质量明显改善,患者可长期接受治疗。

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    2017-06-07 laoli

    学习了,谢谢分

    0

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    2015-11-24 老段

    实用

    0

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    2015-11-24 安 静

    很实用哦

    0

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