ESC2018丨氯吡格雷是ACS患者中合并需口服抗凝药人群的更佳P2Y12i选择用药

2018-08-27 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并心房颤动(房颤)的患者,抗栓治疗中如何平衡出血与缺血风险,双联抗栓(DT)还是三联抗栓(TT)一直是争议的焦点,且相关临床研究证据有限。

急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并心房颤动(房颤)的患者,抗栓治疗中如何平衡出血与缺血风险,双联抗栓(DT)还是三联抗栓(TT)一直是争议的焦点,且相关临床研究证据有限。ESC 2018大会期间,意大利帕维亚大学附属圣马窦医院M. Ferlini等研究者开展的一项最新研究,为ACS合并房颤患者的抗栓治疗方案选择提供了指导性建议。研究结果显示,TT和DT具有相同的疗效,然而,DT方案中使用P2Y12抑制剂更为安全,且其出血事件发生率更低。
 
研究背景及目的

关于经皮冠状动脉支架置入后具有长期抗凝治疗(OAC)指征患者的最佳抗栓治疗方案,现有证据并不一致。意大利帕维亚大学附属圣马窦医院M. Ferlini等研究者以具有抗凝治疗和冠状动脉支架置入指征的患者为研究对象,比较DT方案即OAC联合不同抗血小板单药与TT方案即OAC联合阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的疗效和安全性。
 
研究方法

研究者通过检索Pubmed数据中的随机对照试验或观察性研究,分析比较了接受冠状动脉支架置入具有长期OAC指征的患者中DT与TT的疗效及安全性。疗效结果评估为全因死亡率,血管死亡率,心肌梗死和支架内血栓形成。安全性结果评估为任何类型的出血。根据抗凝剂类型(新型口服抗凝剂 vs. 维生素K拮抗剂)和DT中使用的抗血小板药物(P2Y12抑制剂 vs. 乙酰水杨酸)进行分层。

研究结果

研究最终共计纳入10 129例患者(73%为男性,平均年龄为70.2岁),其中80%的患者因房颤而服用OAC治疗(80%),52%的患者因ACS接受支架置入治疗。受试患者中5674例行TT治疗,4455例行DT治疗。DT方案中的抗血小板药物,65%为P2Y12抑制剂,9%为乙酰水杨酸治疗,26%为非特异性抗血小板药物。DT方案的抗凝剂,2453(55%)为新口服抗凝剂(NOAC),45%为维生素K拮抗剂。中位随访时间为12个月(最少3个月,最长42个月)。

疗效结果显示,DT方案和TT方案没有显著差异(全因死亡率RR=1.02,95%CI:0.8~1.3,血管死亡率RR=0.75,95%CI:0.33~1.72,心肌梗死RR=1.19,95%CI:0.94~1.49,支架血栓RR=1.39,95%CI:0.93~2.09)。安全性结果,出血事件存在显著差异,DT方案更为安全(RR=0.71,95%CI:0.58~0.86,P=0.0005,图1)。此外,使用维生素K拮抗剂或NOAC的DT没有显著差异。虽不同抗血小板药物的疗效结果没有明显差异,但与使用乙酰水杨酸的DT方案相比,使用P2Y12抑制剂的DT方案的出血事件更低(chi­-squared=5.46;df=1;P=0.02)。



研究结论

研究者得出结论,接受冠状动脉支架置入具有OAC指征的患者采用TT和DT具有相同的疗效,然而,DT方案中使用P2Y12抑制剂更为安全,且其出血事件发生率更低。P2Y12抑制剂联合口服抗凝血剂是否为ACS合并房颤患者的最佳抗栓方案还需更进一步的研究验证。
 
国内外指南重磅推荐

ACS合并房颤的患者抗栓治疗时出血风险增加,冠状动脉支架置入治疗后,抗栓治疗方案如何选择,一直是临床医生和学者们关注的话题。2014年美国心脏协会(AHA)/美国心脏病学学会(ACC)/美国心律学会(HRS)房颤管理指南指出,冠状动脉疾病血运重建且CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥2的房颤患者,DT方案较TT方案可降低出血风险,且不增加血栓事件,并建议使用OAC联合氯吡格雷。2016 ESC专家共识中,有关冠状动脉疾病和/或房颤患者出血后抗栓治疗的推荐为,新型P2Y12受体抑制剂(替格瑞洛或普拉格雷)治疗易出血的患者,再启动抗栓治疗时推荐氯吡格雷。

更重要的是,此次ESC大会上重磅发布的2018 ESC/EACTs心肌血运重建指南中指出,需口服抗凝治疗的患者PCI后的抗栓治疗与单独使用OAC治疗相比,在OAC治疗中加入DAPT可导致出血并发症增加2~3倍,因此,为避免出血并发症,DAPT药物的选择非常关键。既往PIONEER试验和RE-DUAL试验对比NOAC加单一抗血小板治疗,与VKA加DAPT三联疗法,结果,DT方案始终表现出更显著降低出血风险的优势,此外,我们发现,这两项研究中DAPT中的P2Y12抑制剂均选用了氯吡格雷。这次2018 ESC/EACTs指南对需要行口服抗凝治疗的PCI患者,P2Y12受体抑制剂中氯吡格雷是唯一推荐用药。



同时,2018年,我国《急性冠状动脉综合征特殊人群抗血小板治疗中国专家建议》中对合并口服抗凝药的低或高风险患者的DT和TT抗栓治疗方案,P2Y12受体抑制剂的选择中也只推荐了氯吡格雷。

因此,基于上述研究结果及相关指南推荐,临床ACS合并房颤患者的抗栓治疗,DT方案较TT方案更为安全,且DT方案中使用氯吡格雷可降低出血风险。

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    2018-11-18 yeye5224612
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    2018-12-04 neurowu
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    2018-08-29 yaanren
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    2018-08-27 惠映实验室

    学习,谢谢分享。

    0

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