Brain Behav Immun:有益菌免疫接种,能使大脑抗压力更强

2018-06-11 佚名 中国生物技术网

美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的科学家们的一项新研究表明,利用有益细菌进行免疫接种可以对大脑产生持久的抗炎作用,从而更好地应对压力带来的生理和行为影响。这项研究近日已发表在《Brain, Behavior and Immunity》上,该研究发现了特定益生菌对大脑的作用机制。


图片来源:CU Boulder

美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的科学家们的一项新研究表明,利用有益细菌进行免疫接种可以对大脑产生持久的抗炎作用,从而更好地应对压力带来的生理和行为影响。这项研究近日已发表在《Brain, Behavior and Immunity》上,该研究发现了特定益生菌对大脑的作用机制。

作者们表示,如果研究结果能在临床试验中复现,有助于产生新的基于益生菌的免疫接种方法,以防止创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和焦虑症,还有可能为抑郁找到新的治疗方法。

研究第一作者,心理学和神经科学系的高级研究员Matthew Frank说:“我们在啮齿类动物中发现,这种名为母牛分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium vaccae,该菌最初从乌干达Kyoga湖岸边的泥土中分离出来)的特殊细菌能将大脑中的环境转向了抗炎症状态。如果能在人体上取得相同效果,那么这对于各种神经炎症疾病具有非常广泛的意义。”

大约有四分之一的人会受到焦虑、PTSD以及与压力相关的其他精神疾病的影响。越来越多的研究表明,压力导致的大脑炎症能够增加此类疾病的风险,部分原因是对影响情绪的神经递质(比如去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺)造成影响。

Frank说:“大量有权威的文献表明,如果诱发人体炎症性免疫反应,那么他们很快就会表现出焦虑和抑郁的症状。想想自己得流感的时候是什么样子吧!”

研究还表明,创伤、疾病和手术会使大脑的特定区域变得敏感,对随后的压力更容易产生炎症反应,而这会导致情绪紊乱或认知衰退。

Frank说:“我们发现,母牛分枝杆菌能够抑制压力带来的这种敏感效应,从而在大脑中产生持久的压力恢复表型”

科罗拉多大学博尔德分校曾经在《PNAS》上发表过的另一项研究发现,对小鼠注射热休克制备的母牛分枝杆菌,然后再将它们与体型更大且好斗型的雄性动物放在一起。这些实验小鼠表现的焦虑行为较轻,而且它们患结肠炎的风险也较低,周围组织中出现炎症的机率也更低。

这项研究发现了母牛分枝杆菌对大脑的作用机制。试验表明,通过每隔一周注射,总共注射三次母牛分枝杆菌疫苗的雄性大鼠,在注射完最后一针的8天后,海马区(负责调节认知功能、焦虑和恐惧的大脑区域)的抗炎蛋白白介素-4水平显着升高。

在接触应激源之后,接受免疫接种的大鼠体内一种由应激产生的蛋白质(名为HMGB1的警报素)水平较低,HMGB1在使大脑对炎症更加敏感的过程中发挥作用,此外,接种大鼠还产生受体对CD200R1的高表达,CD200R1是一种使胶质细胞(大脑的免疫细胞)处于抗炎状态的受体关键因子。这些大鼠在面对压力时表现出的焦虑行为也更少。

研究通讯作者Christopher Lowry说:“如果你关注益生菌领域,就会发现益生菌对认知功能、焦虑和恐惧有显着影响。这篇论文的意义在于,它表明这些有益菌,或者由这些有益菌产生的信号,以某种方式进入海马体,使大脑进入抗炎状态。”

Lowry预计,未来某天母牛分枝杆菌可以被用于治疗PTSD患者(比如即将退伍的士兵或急救室的工作人员),以缓解压力对大脑和身体的影响。它还有可能被用于预防由败血症诱发的认知障碍。

同时,Lowry正在与科罗拉多大学丹佛分校的研究人员合作,研究患PTSD的老兵是否能够通过口服含有罗伊氏乳杆菌的益生菌的方式来获益。

他说:“更多的研究是必要的,其他的有益菌或益生菌也有可能对大脑有相同的作用。”

原始出处:Matthew G. Frank , Laura K. Fonkenh, Samuel D. Dolzani, et al. Immunization with Mycobacterium vaccae induces an anti-inflammatory milieu in the CNS: Attenuation of stress-induced microglial priming, alarmins and anxiety-like behavior. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 26 May 2018

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    2018-06-13 qjddjq
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    2018-06-12 易水河

    学习学习

    0

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    2018-06-12 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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    2018-06-11 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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