盘点:近期结直肠癌重大研究及指南共识汇总

2016-10-31 MedSci MedSci原创

我国结直肠癌的发病率和病死率均保持上升趋势。 2011年结直肠癌的发病率和病死率分别为23.03/10万和11.11/10万。其中,城市远高于农村,且结肠癌的发病率上升显著。 多数患者发现时已属于中晚期。 梅斯小编整理了近期结直肠癌重大研究及指南共识,与大家分享。【1】Ann Intern Med:粪便免疫化学测试筛查结直肠癌根据发表在Annals of Internal Medicine的一

我国结直肠癌的发病率和病死率均保持上升趋势。 2011年结直肠癌的发病率和病死率分别为23.03/10万和11.11/10万。其中,城市远高于农村,且结肠癌的发病率上升显著。 多数患者发现时已属于中晚期。 梅斯小编整理了近期结直肠癌重大研究及指南共识,与大家分享。

【1】Ann Intern Med:粪便免疫化学测试筛查结直肠癌

根据发表在Annals of Internal Medicine的一篇评论文章,无创粪便免疫化学测试(FIT)可替代肠镜检查和血液为基础的筛查方法,对结直肠癌进行有效的筛查。

福克斯大通癌症中心的David S. Weinberg硕士称“美国架直肠癌预防性筛查中结肠镜检查至少占60%,尽管与其他方式相比,它的花费更大,并发症更多。本研究的目的是调查粪便免疫化学试验(FIT)作为初筛方法,对结直肠癌筛查的有效性。”

研究者通过汇总分析,研究表明,FIT的敏感性为79%(95% CI,69-86),超过了粪便隐血试验(gFOBT),其敏感性仅为35%,不过特异性方面两者保持一致为94% (95% CI, 92-95)。

FIT对晚期腺瘤的检测效力优于gFOBT,如在一个纳入随机对照试验的荟萃分析中显示,FIT可以发现两倍的大肠癌及腺瘤性息肉患者(RR = 2.28; 95% CI, 1.68-3.1)。

研究人员还发现,选择FIT,而不是gFOBT进行结直肠癌的筛查,可以给患者提供更好的依从性。(文章详见--Ann Intern Med:粪便免疫化学测试筛查结直肠癌

【2】Br J Surg:羟考酮-纳洛酮对腹腔镜结直肠癌手术后胃肠功能早期恢复的影响

口服缓释羟考酮-纳洛酮可减少术后阿片类药物诱导的肠道功能障碍。本研究调查了羟考酮-纳洛酮增强复苏背景下腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的可行性。

在一个单中心的开放性二期可行性研究中,患者接受基于羟考酮-纳洛酮或羟考酮镇痛。主要终点是招聘、保留和协议遵从性,次要终点包括肠道功能的复合终点(固体食物耐受性低,恶心/呕吐评分、排气或排便)。

81例患者进行了筛选,62例(76%)进行随机研究,损耗率为19%(12/62),留下了50例患者接受分配的干预,随访率100%,进行ITT分析。协议符合率超过90%。3天恢复肠道功能在两组是相似的:羟考酮-纳洛酮组为13/27(48%),对照组为15/23(65%)(差值的95% CI为-10.0到40.7%;P = 0.264)。羟考酮-纳洛酮组患者首次肠道运动间隔时间更短(平均(SD) 87(38)小时 vs 111[37]小时;差值的95% CI为 2.3 to 45.4小时,P = 0.031),羟考酮-纳洛酮组患者的总阿片样物质(口服加肠外)使用量减少(平均[SD]78[36] vs 94[56]mg;差值的95% CI为 -10.2 to 42.8 mg, P = 0.222)。

高参与、保留和协议合规性确认了这项策略的可行性。羟考酮-纳洛酮减少排便间隔时间、减少总阿片类药物使用的潜在好处需要一个随机试验来验证。(文章详见--Br J Surg:羟考酮-纳洛酮对腹腔镜结直肠癌手术后胃肠功能早期恢复的影响

【3】Br J Surg:腹腔镜手术联合恢复协议可降低结直肠癌手术并发症

腹腔镜方法和标准化的恢复协议可减少结直肠癌手术后的发病率。由于最佳方案仍然是不确定的,进行这项网络荟萃,分析治疗后术后并发症和死亡率的发展。

检索MEDLINE、Embase、试验登记及相关评论,比较直肠癌根治术中选择腹腔镜和开放手术,恢复协议或传统的围手术期护理常规,以手术并发症为终点的随机试验。汇总数据估计术后并发症和死亡率的相对比值比(OR)。

四十试验报告了11 516例随机化患者进行网络荟萃分析。常规围手术期护理的开放手术是比较指标。常规护理的腹腔镜手术并发症OR为0.77 (95%CI 0.65 to 0.91),恢复协议的开放手术并发症OR为0.69 (0.48 to 0.99),恢复协议的腹腔镜手术并发症OR为0.43 (0.28 to 0.67)。不包括低位直肠癌和具有高风险偏见的试验进行敏感性分析,不影响治疗评估。荟萃分析表明,死亡率风险不受围手术期策略影响。

腹腔镜手术联合恢复协议可降低结直肠癌手术并发症,但不是死亡率。(文章详见--Br J Surg:腹腔镜手术联合恢复协议可降低结直肠癌手术并发症

【4】“左”vs“右”,晚期结直肠癌的治疗也要站队了?

越来越多的证据显示,肿瘤原发灶在结肠右侧或左侧的这种位置不同,对疾病预后和预测来说是一种有价值的标志物,或许可以彻底改变转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)的治疗。
 
2016年上半年召开的ASCO大会上报告了CALGB/SWOG 80405(Alliance)研究的回顾性分析,对于所纳入的1137例转移性结直肠癌患者,左侧肿瘤和右侧肿瘤在中位OS上出现了巨大的差异,分别为33.3个月和19.4个月(HR=1.55)。近期2016 ESMO大会上,研究者回顾了CRYSTAL和FIRE-3研究,对RAS野生型mCRC患者肿瘤位置和预后、疗效预测的关系进行分析,研究结果同时也在JAMA Oncology杂志发表。
 
该回顾性研究发现,肿瘤位于结肠左侧的mCRC患者在targeted chemotherapies下,无进展生存(PFS),总生存(OS)和客观缓解率(ORR)均显著优于右侧肿瘤患者。来自荷兰盖斯堡大学附属医院的主要研究者Sabine Tejpar博士表示,对CRYSTAL和FIRE-3这两项研究的分析表明,“对于右侧mCRC患者来说,发展新的治疗策略的临床需求远未得到满足。”(文章详见--“左”vs“右”,晚期结直肠癌的治疗也要站队了?

【5】RAS突变型结直肠癌肝转移,切不切?

近期,美国MD安德森癌症中心的研究者开展了一项研究,以RAS突变结直肠癌肝转移患者为研究对象,分析与肝切除后的生存有关的影响因素。经过筛选,研究纳入2005-2014年已知RAS状态,完成根治性肝转移灶切除的结直肠癌肝转移患者524例。

主要研究,在524例患者中,212例(40.5%)存在RAS突变,位于密码子12的有128例,位于密码子13的有23例;中位随访38个月,RAS野生型患者的中位OS为72.6个月,RAS突变型患者为50.9个月。亚组分析显示,密码子12突变组患者与13突变组的中位OS近似,分别为51.9 vs 50.9个月;RAS突变型患者预后多因素分析发现,原发肿瘤淋巴结阳性,转移灶最大>3cm以及>7周期术前化疗是OS不佳的预测因素;随着上述三个危险因素数量的增加,RAS突变型患者肝切除后的预后越差。存在1、2、3种危险因素患者的中位OS分别为57 vs 41 vs 21.5个月;对于三个危险因素占全的高危组,没有一个患者生存时间超过4年。

研究结果,对于合并多种危险因素的RAS突变型结直肠癌,根治性切除肝脏转移灶后总生存仍然不佳,此类患者可以考虑其他系统治疗方式。(文章详见--RAS突变型结直肠癌肝转移,切不切?

【6】Lancet Oncol:RAS野生型结直肠癌:FOLFIRI+西妥昔 vs FOLFIRI+贝伐珠(FIRE-3)

FIRE-3试验对KRAS外显子2野生型转移性结直肠癌患者的两种治疗方案进行了比较:一线FOLFIRI(5-氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙、依立替康)+西妥昔单抗 vs FOLFIRI+贝伐珠单抗;对其他RAS基因(KRAS和NRAS基因外显子2-4)野生型癌症患者的数据也进行了探索性分析。此次研究者对FIRE-3研究中RAS(KRAS/NRAS,外显子2-4)野生型亚组进行疗效分析;此外,对肿瘤动力学新指标进行了探讨。

方法:FIRE-3是一项3期随机试验,主要终点为ITT人群中达到客观缓解的患者比例(根据实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST)1.0)。事后分析中通过CT扫描评估客观缓解率(根据RECIST 1.1)、早期肿瘤退缩、缓解深度、缓解时间等。

结论:该分析提供了新框架,连接缓解指标和总生存;优于缓解相关指标如早期肿瘤退缩、缓解深度等。分析结果显示,FOLFIRI+西妥昔单抗组患者的总生存好于FOLFIRI+贝伐珠单抗组。(文章详见--Lancet Oncol:RAS野生型结直肠癌:FOLFIRI+西妥昔 vs FOLFIRI+贝伐珠(FIRE-3)

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    2016-11-02 lw忘记忧愁

    哪里能下最新指南

    0

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    2016-11-02 Jianghuiqin

    满满干货!

    0

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    2016-11-02 jyzxjiangqin

    结直肠癌重大研究及指南共识汇总。

    0

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    2016-10-31 1e0bc67dm33(暂无匿称)

    太有意义了

    0

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