Diabetes Care :不吃早餐会发胖?到底怎么回事?

2017-12-04 vironia,Juka 转化医学网

在2017年诺贝尔奖颁布以前,可能生物钟只是一个模糊的概念。随着研究的深入,人们发现:不吃早餐引起发胖的原因,竟然是生物钟搞的鬼!


在2017年诺贝尔奖颁布以前,可能生物钟只是一个模糊的概念。随着研究的深入,人们发现:不吃早餐引起发胖的原因,竟然是生物钟搞的鬼!

不规律的饮食习惯,如不吃早餐,往往与肥胖,2型糖尿病高血压和心血管疾病的发生密切相关。但是为什么不吃早餐会对人产生这么多的影响呢?

研究发现:不同的进餐时间可能对人体内部生物钟产生影响!

近日,以色列特拉维夫大学(TAU)的一项最新研究阐明了早餐对和餐后血糖和胰岛素调控密切相关“时钟基因”的影响。

该研究对应论文则发表于最新上线的Diabetes Care杂志,名为Influences of Breakfast on Clock Gene Expression and Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Individuals and Individuals With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial。

人体内部时钟的重要性以及用餐时间对身体的影响是今年诺贝尔医学奖的主题,该奖项旨在发现控制我们昼夜节律的分子机制。

文章的主要作者,TAU Sackler医学院Daniela Jakubowicz教授说:“我们的研究表明,早餐的摄入会触发循环时钟基因的适当表达,从而导致血糖控制的改善。而生物钟基因不仅调节糖代谢的昼夜变化,而且还在更大程度上调节着我们的体重,血压,内分泌功能和动脉粥样硬化等生理现象。”

“适当的进餐时间:例如早上9:30之前吃早餐可能会导致身体的全部新陈代谢改善,促进体重的减轻,延缓与2型糖尿病和其他年龄相关疾病的发生。

在这项研究中,研究人员招募了18名健康志愿者和18名肥胖糖尿病志愿者参加了一个包含早餐和午餐的测试实验与另一个只有午餐的测试实验。

在为期两天的实验过程中,研究人员对参与者血液样本进行了检查,对他们餐后时钟基因的表达进行了测量并检测了他们餐后血浆葡萄糖,胰岛素,完整胰高血糖素样肽-1(iGLP-1)以及二肽基肽酶IV(DPP-IV)的血浆活性。



“在健康人和糖尿病患者中,早餐的摄入急剧改善了与更有效的体重减轻有关的特定时钟基因表达,同时,早餐的摄入也与午餐后葡萄糖和胰岛素水平的改善存在联系。”文章的作者补充道。

相比之下,在只摄入午餐(当参与者不吃早餐时)的情况下,体重减轻相关的时钟基因则会发生表达下调,导致血糖上升并降低一天内其他时间个体胰岛素对血糖变化的敏感性,最终导致机体在即便没有暴饮暴食的前提下发生增重。

Jakubowicz教授说:“我们可以通过早餐在短短的四个小时内改变基因的表达,这一点非常令人印象深刻。”

目前,研究人员目前正在进行一项更为长期研究,通过比较不同进餐时间安排对身体时钟基因表达,葡萄糖平衡和体重减轻的影响。

原始出处:

Jakubowicz D1, Wainstein J2, Landau Z,et al.Influences of Breakfast on Clock Gene Expression and Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Individuals and Individuals With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Diabetes Care 2017 Nov; 40(11): 1573-1579. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-2753

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    2017-12-06 LSJ117
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    2017-12-05 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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儿童不吃早餐可能会缺乏重要营养素

英国一项研究表明,经常不吃早餐的儿童可能获取不到充足的营养。(Br J Nutr 2017年8月在线版)研究小组发现,与每天吃早餐的儿童相比,每天不吃早餐的儿童不太可能摄入足够量的铁、钙、碘和叶酸。而吃早餐的儿童中大部分摄入了足够量的微量元素。这表明,吃早餐可以确保儿童摄入足够的关键微量元素。研究人员对4~18岁的近1700例儿童连续4 d的饮食记录进行了分析。记录信息来源于2008—2012年度