Oncologist:幽门螺杆菌感染的胃癌患者预后较非感染者更好

2019-03-10 Jelly 肿瘤资讯

幽门螺杆菌可通过基因损伤诱导上皮细胞和肠上皮化生,使其极易发生胃癌。为了探讨幽门螺杆菌感染、基因突变和PIK3CA扩增的临床相关性及其与胃癌患者临床病理特征和预后的关系,研究者开展了该项研究,其结果发表于近期的The Oncologist杂志。

幽门螺杆菌可通过基因损伤诱导上皮细胞和肠上皮化生,使其极易发生癌。为了探讨幽门螺杆菌感染、基因突变和PIK3CA扩增的临床相关性及其与癌患者临床病理特征和预后的关系,研究者开展了该项研究,其结果发表于近期的The Oncologist杂志。

研究背景

流行病学研究表明,感染幽门螺杆菌(HP)的患者与未感染的患者相比,胃癌风险显著增加。HP感染引起的慢性胃炎可导致萎缩性胃炎、肠化生,最终导致不典型增生和腺癌。既往研究显示,对于肠型胃癌患者,PI3K/AKT通路基因突变的患者比未突变的患者更容易出现位于胃上部三分之一处的肿瘤;对于弥漫型胃癌患者,PI3K/AKT通路突变患者比未突变患者更容易发生肿瘤,且更可能发生血源性转移,尤其是肝和肺。已知Epstein-Barr 病毒 (EBV)与胃癌的发生有关,但在胃癌中,EBV与HP感染之间的关系尚不清楚。

研究方法

2005年至2010年,共纳入356例接受根治性手术的胃癌患者。采用质谱单核苷酸多态性基因分型技术,对8个基因的68个突变进行了HP感染、EBV感染、PIK3CA扩增和突变分析。比较感染HP与未感染HP患者的临床病理特征。

研究结果

临床病理特征

356例患者中,185例(52.0%)有HP感染。研究者比较了HP感染和无HP感染患者的临床病理特征发现,与无HP感染患者相比,HP感染患者的年龄较小、高微卫星不稳定(MSI-H)肿瘤较少、EBV感染较少、PIK3CA扩增较少、PI3K/AKT通路基因突变较少、ARID1A突变较少。由于弥漫型胃癌和肠型胃癌的生物学行为不同,研究者将肠型胃癌(n=187)和弥漫型胃癌(n=169)分开,分析HP感染和无HP感染患者的差异。

对于肠型胃癌,与无HP感染患者相比,HP感染患者的年龄较小,PI3K/AKT通路基因突变较少。对于弥漫型胃癌,与无HP感染患者相比,HP感染患者(n=91)中,男性患者占比较小、淋巴样间质肿瘤较少、MSI-H肿瘤较少、PI3K/AKT途径基因突变较少。

对于伴EBV感染的胃癌患者(n=46),有或无HP感染患者的临床病理特征或基因突变无显著性差异。对于无EBV感染的胃癌患者(n=310),与无HP感染患者相比,HP感染患者年龄较小,肿瘤多位于胃上部三分之一和胃中部三分之一,PI3K/AKT途径基因突变较少,ARID1A突变较少。

初始复发模式

中位随访期为30.3个月。有或无HP感染的患者术后辅助化疗无显著性差异(27.0% vs 21.8%,P=0.268)。就最初的复发模式而言,HP感染患者的肿瘤复发率低于未感染者(20.5% vs 31.6%,P=0.021)。有或无HP感染的胃癌患者在局部复发和远处复发方面无显著差异。

生存分析

所有入选患者中,HP感染患者的5年总生存(OS)率(87.7% vs 73.9%,P=0.012;图1A)和无病生存(DFS)率(64.1% vs 51.3%,P=0.013;图1B)明显高于无HP感染的患者。对于肠型胃癌,HP感染患者的5年OS率(89.4% vs 70.0%,P=0.013)和DFS率(67.2% vs 51.5%,P=0.031)明显高于无HP感染的患者(图2A、B)。弥漫型胃癌患者5年OS率(85.7% vs 78.0%,P=0.286)和DFS率(60.5% vs 51.1%,P=0.178)在有或无HP感染的患者之间没有显著差异(图2C、D)。



图1 A. 所有胃癌患者的OS曲线;B. 所有胃癌患者的DFS曲线



图2 A. 肠型胃癌患者的OS曲线;B. 肠型胃癌患者的DFS曲线;
C. 弥漫型胃癌患者的OS曲线;D. 弥漫型胃癌患者的DFS曲线

对于感染EBV的胃癌患者,有或无HP感染的患者5年OS率(86.7% vs 72.0%,P=0.389)和DFS率(60.0% vs 63.6%,P=0.565)相似。对于无EBV感染的胃癌患者,HP感染患者的5年OS率(87.9% vs 74.3%,P=0.024)和DFS率(64.6% vs 48.9%,P=0.014)明显高于无HP感染的患者。

研究者使用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法评估了影响胃癌患者OS和PFS的9个预后因素。单变量分析显示病理TNM分期和HP感染均与OS相关,HP感染与DFS显著相关。多变量分析表明,HP感染是OS的独立预后因素(HR=0.51,P=0.014),HP感染也是DFS的独立预后因素(HR=0.66,P=0.017)。

结论

与无HP感染的患者相比,感染HP的胃癌患者PI3K/AKT通路基因突变较少,肿瘤复发可能性较小,生存率较高,尤其是EBV阴性和肠型胃癌患者。HP感染是有关OS和DFS的一个独立预后因素。有必要对胃癌中HP感染、PI3K/AKT通路和EBV感染之间的相关性进行体内外研究。

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    2019-12-09 minlingfeng
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    2019-03-28 kcb069
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