Cureus:严重中性粒细胞减少症Graves病的治疗

2022-03-05 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

新诊断的甲状腺功能亢进症中的严重中性粒细胞减少症是一个诊断和治疗难题,因为如果中性粒细胞绝对计数(ANC)<1×109/L就不能开始使用抗甲状腺药物(ATDS)。

   

     1835年,爱尔兰医生罗伯特·詹姆斯·格雷夫斯(Robert James Graves)首次描述了格雷夫斯病(Graves‘disease,GD)。这是一种特殊的甲状腺自身免疫性疾病,影响大约12%的人口,女性居多。其特点是TSH受体抗体(TRAb)和T、B淋巴细胞浸润。触发自身免疫反应的机制尚不清楚,但可能涉及与环境因素相互作用的遗传倾向。GD的治疗方式包括处方抗甲状腺药物(ATDS)、手术和放射性碘治疗(RAI),使用碘-131(131I)。治疗的选择取决于几个因素,如甲状腺毒症的严重程度、甲状腺肿的大小、对治疗的反应以及是否存在其他合并症。然而,首选的治疗方法仍然是ATDS,它具有恢复正常甲状腺功能的效果。ATDS是治疗GD甲亢的一种有效而安全的疗法,但禁忌症和不良反应可能会限制其使用,包括严重的中性粒细胞减少症,这是众所周知的ATDS的不良反应,在治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的过程中可能会发生。这种中性粒细胞减少也可能是新诊断的甲状腺功能亢进症的迹象,这就是为什么美国甲状腺协会建议在开始使用ATDS治疗之前应该检查完整的血细胞计数,并且当中性粒细胞绝对计数(ANC)<1x109/L时不应该开始治疗。

     我们报告了一例甲亢合并严重中性粒细胞减少症用地塞米松和ATD治疗后随访的病例。患者51岁,因甲状腺功能亢进症住院,促甲状腺激素水平<0.005(0.4~4)µI/L,T4<415(9.3~17.1)ng/L,T3<14 8(2 4.4)pg/mL,甲状腺激素受体抗体38IU/mL,核素显像证实为Graves病,中性粒细胞减少,中性粒细胞减少,给予泼尼松龙60 mg/d治疗。面对甲亢和严重的中性粒细胞减少的关系,我们不能开始ATD,因为担心粒细胞缺乏;我们给患者服用心得安60 mg和地塞米松6 mg,渐进性下降,导致ANC从0.4×109/L显著增加到7.1×109/L,这使得我们可以开始ATD(卡比唑)30 mg,然后50 mg,每48小时监测ANC和转氨酶。15天后甲状腺功能恢复正常。采用放射性碘消融术进行根治性治疗。

     我们的患者对强的松龙没有反应,但对地塞米松有显著的反应,因此可以将地塞米松作为GD患者根治性治疗的首选药物。

表1 地塞米松和卡比唑对生物参数的影响

图1:地塞米松作用下白细胞和中性粒细胞的变化

图2:地塞米松和卡比唑对T4和T3的影响

原文出处:Laidi S,  Motaib I,  Elamari S, et al.Treatment of Graves' Disease Associated With Severe Neutropenia.Cureus 2022 Jan;14(1)

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    2022-06-24 jiadan198782
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    2022-09-23 徐岩
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    2022-03-09 我是个小太阳

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    0

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