十大卒中新研究,你真的知道吗?

2016-04-08 zhaoshuang 译 MedSci原创

德国埃森大学神经病学专家Christoph Diener为我们介绍了在洛杉矶举办的美国国际卒中大会上最重要的几篇研究。

来自德国埃森大学神经科的Christoph Diener教授会经常对国际大型卒中会议上的研究进展进行总结。昨天,在Medscape上,Christoph Diener教授为我们介绍了今年2月在美国加州的洛杉矶举办的美国心脏协会(AHA)国际卒中大会(ISC)上最重要的几篇研究。



1、Findaf 研究——远程ECG

Findaf 研究将缺血性卒中患者随机分为两组,一组接受6个月的远程ECG记录,另一组在卒中后直接、卒中后3个月和6个月接受长期的动态心电图(Holter)监测,监测的终点为房颤(AF)的发生率。远程ECG的检测率与对照组相比为13.5% vs 4.5%。这表明,远程ECG记录不仅对隐源性卒中,对其他类型的卒中也有监测价值,因为他们可能同时患有大血管疾病和AF。

2、ACT I 研究——动脉内膜切除术

ACT I 研究中包括1453例患有无症状的重度颈动脉狭窄患者。这些患者被随机分配到动脉内膜切除术或支架植入治疗组。两组间的并发症或长期结局并未发现有任何差异,意外事件的发生率也非常低。

3、ARUBA研究——动静脉畸形(AVMs)

ARUBA研究是一项对226名动静脉畸形(AVMs)患者的随机研究,报告了5年的随访数据。这些患者被随机分配到接受最佳药物治疗组或介入治疗组(神经外科医生切除有栓塞的畸形血管或放射治疗)。药物治疗组中有15/110名患者发生卒中或死亡,介入组发生人数为46/116。致使发生不良事件的所需病例数为5,这表明对很多AVM患者采取观察的态度是合理的。然而,有些接受治疗的病人有大出血的风险,这需要与神经外科医师,神经科医师和放射科医师共同进行讨论。

4、HERMES联合研究——血栓切除术

一项阳性实验,来自于与 HERMES的合作,这是一个对5项血栓切除术实验的meta分析,显示了tPA联合血栓切除术的效果优于tPA单独治疗。1287个患者的良好结局比值比为2.49,然而,治疗一例患者的所需治疗数仅为2.6。未来5年真正的挑战是对全美范围内有远端颈内动脉和大脑中动脉狭窄的患者实施血栓切除术。

5、ARTSS-2试验——阿加曲班

这是一个关于急性卒中的小型试验,ARTSS-2试验比较了阿加曲班联合tPA vs tPA单独溶栓的效果。阿加曲班,一种凝血酶抑制剂,显示对主要出血并发症的影响没有差异。

6、ICTuS-2试验——低温治疗

也是一个关于急性卒中的小型试验。ICTuS-2试验比较了120例患者,行溶栓+低温治疗 vs 单独溶栓的效果。结局未报告有差异,但联合低温治疗增加了死亡率。研究结果说明当可以选择进行血栓切除术时,就没有理由使用凝血酶拮抗剂或低温治疗。

7、MultiStem® 试验——12亿祖细胞

积极治疗组的患者接受12亿祖细胞治疗vs安慰剂治疗。正如作者预料,患者的结局无差异。

8、ACTION 试验——那他珠单抗

该研究对那他珠单抗的疗效进行了观察,那他珠单抗是一种具有抗炎作用的药物,常被用于治疗多发性硬化。129例卒中患者的结局显示无差异。

9、CLEAR III试验——脑室内出血

更为重要的是,此研究对脑室内出血患者进行了研究。在500例患者中观察局部应用tPA vs安慰剂的效果。整体结果显示无获益,但有严重脑室内出血的患者有明显改善。

10、INCH研究——凝血酶原复合物(PCC)治疗

此研究观察了维生素K拮抗剂诱导的脑出血患者,并比较凝血酶原复合物(PCC)和新鲜冷冻血浆的治疗效果。这项小型试验的替代终点为正常国际标准化比值(INR)的达标率,结果显示接受PCC治疗的患者达标率为77%,接受新鲜冷冻血浆治疗的患者为9%。这对建议抗凝作用诱导的出血患者启动PCC治疗,提供了强有力的证据。

在未来会有更多的患者转向接受非维生素K拮抗剂新型口服抗凝药(NOACs)治疗。目前,我们已经有一种药物被批准(idarucizumab),而且预计andexanet alfa(一种抗因子Xa药物的逆转剂)也将很快被批准。如果我们想要预防卒中患者的脑出血,那么使用NOACs而不是维生素K拮抗剂治疗AF,将会是一个不错的办法。

在今年的大会上,中性或阴性结果的研究比阳性结果研究更多,但我们仍需继续进行有关急性卒中的治疗和预防的研究。

附:

1.Medicine:新型口服抗凝剂(NOAC)改善非血管性房颤患者的抗栓治疗

指南推荐缺血性卒中的房颤患者应使用口服抗凝剂(0AC)。但是,世界范围内华法林的应用处于处方不足或剂量不足的状态。研究人员探索了对非血管性房颤(NVAF)的缺血性卒中患者进行抗栓治疗时,应用新型抗凝剂(NOAC)治疗症状得到了改善。

研究包括360名NVAF的急性缺血性卒中患者,随访一个月后,研究人员发现OAC的利用率(29% VS 41%)以及抗凝剂有效率(22.2% VS 80.6%)显著升高;大部分NVAF缺血性卒中患者的应用NOAC药物比应用华法林治疗的患者效果好。

2.NEJM:Andexanet Alfa可逆转Xa因子抑制剂的活性

研究人员对健康老年志愿者进行了分组,5毫克阿哌沙班(每日两次)vs20毫克利伐沙班(每日一次)。研究人员进行了两项随机安慰剂对照研究以评估药片型andexanet Alfa或药片型andexanet Alfa加液体制剂静脉推注2小时的效果。结果发现,接受阿哌沙班治疗的研究对象在接受药片型andexanet Alfa治疗后(24人),抗–Xa因子的活性降低了94%,游离阿哌沙班的浓度降低了9.3 ng/ml;而接受安慰剂治疗的对照组研究对象(9人)的抗–Xa因子的活性仅降低了21%(P<0.001),游离阿哌沙班的浓度降低了1.9 ng/ml。无严重不良事件或血栓事件的报道。研究结果说明, andexanet Alfa可在给药几分钟后或静脉推注期间便可逆转阿哌沙班和利伐沙班在健康老人中抗凝活性,且无临床毒性作用。

原始出处:

10 New Stroke Studies to Know.Medscape.Apr 7,2016.

1.Messerchmid A, Heuschmann PU, Behnke N, et al. Atrial fibrillation and flutter as a cause of stroke in an unspecified stroke population. Stroke subtypes in the Findaf randomised study. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract TP215.

2.Rosenfield K, Matsumura JS, Chaturvedi S, et al; for the ACT I Investigators. Randomized trial of stent versus surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1011-1020.

3.Wechsler LR, on behalf of the ACT I Investigators. Randomized trial of stent versus surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: initial and five-year results of the ACT I trial. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB25.

4.Stapf C, Parides MK. A randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): 5-year results. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB11.

5.Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, et al; HERMES collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Feb 18. [Epub ahead of print]

6.Hill MD. Time is brain in endovascular thrombectomy: results from individual patient pooled data analysis of Mr Clean, Escape, Extend IA, Swift Prime and Revascat. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB7.

7.Barreto A. ARTSS-2: final results of a pilot, phase IIb, randomized, multi-center trial of argatroban in combination with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute stroke. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB3.

8.Lyden P. ICTuS-2: final results. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB4.

9.Wechsler LR, Mays RW. MultiStem® treatment reduces length of hospitalization when administered within 36 hours after onset of ischemic stroke: implications on lowering stroke related health care costs. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB19.

10.Elkins J, Mehta L. Primary results of the ACTION trial of natalizumab in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB22.

11.Hanley DF. Clot lysis: evaluating accelerated resolution of intraventricular hemorrhage (CLEAR III) results. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB12.

12.Steiner T, Veltkamp R. Randomized trial on normalization of international normalized ratio using prothrombin complex or fresh frozen plasma in vitamin-K related intracranial bleeding. Program and abstracts of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2016; February 17-19, 2016; Los Angeles, California. Abstract LB14.

13.Lin YP, Tan TY. Do NOACs Improve Antith otic Therapy in Secondary Stroke Prevention in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation? Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Sep。

14.Deborah M. Siegal, John T. Curnutte et al.. Andexanet Alfa for the Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitor Activity. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2413-2424.

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    文章不错

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    值得学习

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    2016-04-09 chenchuny

    新型口服抗凝剂的性价比低?太贵!

    0

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    2016-04-09 lyh994

    0

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    2016-04-09 老段

    值得关注

    0

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    2016-04-08 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    新型抗凝

    0

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