中国药企再突破:自主研发细胞免疫疗法获美国突破性疗法认定

2019-12-12 包雨朦 实习生 纪文慧 澎湃新闻

百济神州之后,南京传奇生物科技制药公司(以下简称“传奇生物”)的CAR-T细胞免疫疗法,也获得了美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的“突破性疗法”认定。近日, 记者从金斯瑞生物科技有限公司获悉,其子公司传奇生物研发的用于治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤(RRMM)的CAR-T细胞疗法(代号JNJ-68284528)被美国药品管理局授予“突破性疗法”认定。这也是该产品在今年2月和4月先后获得美国FDA孤儿药认证

百济神州之后,南京传奇生物科技制药公司(以下简称“传奇生物”)的CAR-T细胞免疫疗法,也获得了美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的“突破性疗法”认定。

近日, 记者从金斯瑞生物科技有限公司获悉,其子公司传奇生物研发的用于治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤(RRMM)的CAR-T细胞疗法(代号JNJ-68284528)被美国药品管理局授予“突破性疗法”认定。这也是该产品在今年2月和4月先后获得美国FDA孤儿药认证,以及欧洲药品管理局优先药物认定(PRIME)资格后,收获的又一次国际权威认可。

所谓CAR-T疗法(嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法),是指通过基因工程技术,人工改造肿瘤患者的T淋巴细胞,在体外大量培养后生成肿瘤特异性CAR-T细胞,再将其回输入患者体内用以攻击癌细胞。用通俗的话来说,就是让患者的T细胞经过改造而成为具有杀死癌细胞超强能力的“超级细胞”。

据介绍,早在2017年底,传奇生物与强生公司旗下的杨森公司就共同开发和商业化用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤的CAR-T产品达成合作协议,该疗法结构新颖,含有4-1BB共刺激结构域和两个BCMA靶向单域抗体,旨在增加抗体亲和力,曾凭借100%的总缓解率在国际上引起巨大反响,并于2018年获得国家药品监督管理局CAR-T临床试验申请(IND)批件。

传奇生物首席执行官许远表示,多发性骨髓瘤目前仍是一种无法治愈的疾病,收获FDA“突破性疗法”认定是一个重要的里程碑,这标志着该药物较高的上市可能性以及各种利好政策的接踵而至,将大大加速该疗法的开发进程。”

金斯瑞的相关工作人员也向澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)记者表示,获得FDA突破性疗法的认定后,此CAR-T疗法中的核心药物JNJ-68284528,未来将得到更快速的开发和审评。

资料显示,作为美国新药加快审批的四大途径,“突破性疗法”主要针对用于治疗严重疾病且初步临床试验数据显示对现有疗法具有明显改善重要临床终点表现的新药。研发中的新药一旦被确认具“突破性疗法认定”资格,便能享受一系列优惠待遇,包括:快速通道认定的特权,FDA官员的悉心指导(早在Ⅰ期临床开发阶段便可开始,以推进一项高效药物开发计划的实施),以及有高级管理者和资深评审人员参与对开发计划进行积极协作性的跨学科评审。

目前,在中国仅有两款自主研发的新药获得了FDA突破性疗法认定,一款为百济神州研发的BTK抑制剂泽布替尼,另一个即为传奇生物的CAR-T疗法。泽布替尼在今年11月获得FDA批准上市,从获得突破性疗法认定到上市获批,仅用了10个月的时间。

目前,CAR-T细胞疗法是肿瘤免疫治疗领域最热的研究方向之一。2011年,美国一名急性白血病复发的小女孩艾米丽接受了CAR-T疗法的治疗,成为世界首例通过该疗法治愈癌症的临床病人,堪称医学界的奇迹。CAR-T疗法已经被证明在血液瘤领域(如白血病、淋巴瘤等)取得了较好的治疗效果。

不过,自2008年全球CAR-T临床研究正式起步以来,十年间仅有两款药品获FDA批准上市,分别是来自诺华制药(Novartis)的用于B细胞前体急性淋巴性白血病治疗的 Kymriah,以及Kite Pharma推出的用于治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的Yescarta。这两款药价格普遍昂贵,在美国单个患者接受CAR-T治疗的成本均价在50万美元左右,远远超出大多数患者所能负担的范围。

与此同时,在市场之外,CAR-T疗法在血液瘤相关的研发领域进展较快,但如何将CAR-T疗法用于实体瘤治疗依然是需要破解的难题。就在本月初,诺华对外宣布,暂时放弃实体肿瘤领域CAR-T细胞免疫疗法的研究计划。

CAR-T疗法的发明人之一、宾夕法尼亚大学教授Carl June在今年11月接受澎湃新闻记者采访时表示,他预测,在5年之内,所有的血液肿瘤都可以通过CAR-T疗法进行治愈。不过,目前针对实体瘤疗法最好的方法,也只有在20%的病人身上是有效的。
 
此外,强烈甚至致死的副作用也曾一度让CAR-T的研发进展缓慢。2016年,美国生物技术公司Juno Therapeutics就曾因有3位患者在临床试验中死于副作用所引起的脑部水肿,而被美国FDA短暂禁止了相关研究。

尽管困难重重,研究者对CAR-T细胞疗法依然表现出了较高的热情。资料显示,截至目前,世界范围涉及CAR-T疗法的临床试验项目为331个,其中在中国开展的为174个。

市场研究机构Coherent预测,在2018年-2028年期间,全球CAR-T细胞免疫治疗市场的平均年复合增长率将高达46.1%。在未来一段时间内,北美仍将占据细胞免疫治疗50%以上的市场份额,欧洲市场次之。但随着中国相关政策的推进以及研发能力的增强,中国未来有望在短时间内弯道超车,占据很大一部分全球市场的份额。

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    2019-12-14 lqvr
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