Neuromodulation:θ波脉冲经颅磁刺激对创伤后应激障碍退伍军人愤怒情绪影响的二次分析

2021-07-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

经颅电刺激是神经调节研究中发展最快的领域之一。无创性刺激比有创性刺激更安全、更耐受,但体外刺激的组织穿透性和空间精确度较差。在人体中,头皮上注入的电流有25%甚至更低的电流才到达大脑实质,但越来越多的

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种常见的慢性精神疾病,发生在暴露于创伤事件后。尽管人们越来越认识到创伤、焦虑和情绪相关障碍患者普遍存在愤怒情绪,但创伤后应激障碍患者中愤怒情绪的高发生率尤其明显,在战斗相关创伤后应激障碍患者中尤为突出。尽管愤怒可能暂时有益(例如,在避免基于创伤的恐惧),但更持久的愤怒表达会对人际关系和职业功能产生一系列负面影响。创伤后应激障碍相关的愤怒与更严重的创伤后应激障碍病程和较差的总体治疗结果相关。

愤怒治疗被推荐为创伤后应激障碍治疗的一部分。然而,对这一人群的有效治疗知之甚少,专门针对愤怒的治疗才刚刚起步。少数针对愤怒的对照研究的样本量很小,或者没有对照组。目前,研究最多的技术是重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)。rTMS是一种公认的抗药性抑郁症的治疗方法。然而,rTMS的有益效果似乎是混合的,可能取决于刺激参数和其他因素。因此,最近评估了θ脉冲群刺激(TBS)治疗PTSD的疗效。TBS使用低强度、高频率(50 Hz)以“爆发”方式传递刺激 赫兹,间隔200 毫秒。TBS可以以间歇(iTBS)或连续的方式应用,分别与假定的长时程增强和长时程抑郁样活动相关。本文报告了iTBS方案对自我报告的愤怒和相关临床特征的影响的随访分析。进一步研究了愤怒情绪的改善是否与创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状严重程度的减轻以及睡眠质量的改善有关。

50名患有慢性PTSD的退伍军人每天接受10次假对照双盲ITB(1800次脉冲/次,每周一次),目标是右背外侧前额叶皮质(意向治疗=每组25次)。完成双盲阶段的受试者再接受10次非盲ITB治疗。参与者在iTBS前基线、治疗中点、盲期和非盲期的终点以及最后一次刺激后一个月完成愤怒反应量表的维度。研究人员还探讨了愤怒、创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和睡眠之间的关系。

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接受四周iTBS的个体(最初随机分配到双盲期活动iTBS的个体)和接受两周iTBS的个体(最初随机分配到假刺激的个体)的平均报告愤怒(DAR得分)

第一周后,在双盲阶段,随机接受主动刺激的受试者报告说,与假刺激相比,愤怒情绪显著减少(p=0.04)。最初随机分为假手术组的受试者在无盲期接受ITB治疗时,与最初随机分为主动ITB组的受试者无显著差异。最初随机接受主动刺激的受试者在iTBS后一个月内(即总共四周的iTBS)的愤怒情绪保持下降。

本研究的一个探索性重点是评估愤怒的变化与创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状以及睡眠质量变化之间的关系。在接受为期四周的主动iTBS治疗的个体中,愤怒的减少与自我报告的PTSD和抑郁症状严重程度的降低有关。这些发现在最初随机分为假手术组和接受两周活性iTBS的患者中减弱或丢失(但注意,接受四周或两周活性iTBS的患者的相关系数没有显著差异)。这些结果广泛支持愤怒、创伤后应激障碍和抑郁之间的相互联系

总之,iTBS可能会减少创伤后应激障碍退伍军人的愤怒情绪。这项研究为研究无创性脑刺激对创伤后应激障碍相关愤怒的影响奠定了基础。

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创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是指个体经历、目睹或遭遇到一个或多个涉及自身或他人的实际死亡,或受到死亡的威胁,或严重的受伤,或躯体完整性受到威胁后,所导致的个体延迟出现和持续存在的精神障碍。

Am J Psychiatry:重复使用氯胺酮治疗慢性创伤后应激障碍的疗效和安全性如何?

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种慢性和致残性疾病,现有的药物治疗方法对其疗效有限。研究人员曾发现,氯胺酮注射后24小时内创伤后应激障碍症状明显快速减轻,为测试反复静脉注射氯胺酮治疗慢性PTSD的疗效和