Nature:中科院武汉病毒所石正丽等发现新型SARS样冠状病毒

2013-11-08 陈郁婷 dxy

在2002-2003年期间,由严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)引起的大规模流行近年来最为严重的公共卫生事件之一。而当前中东呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒所致的持续疫情提示,这一类群的病毒仍然是导致人类疾病的主要威胁,而且其分布要比人们先前所意识到的更为广泛。尽管蝙蝠被认为是这两种病毒的自然宿主,然而,人们尚未成功从蝙蝠中分离发现SARS-CoV的始祖病毒。目前已从中国、欧洲和

在2002-2003年期间,由严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)引起的大规模流行近年来最为严重的公共卫生事件之一。而当前中东呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒所致的持续疫情提示,这一类群的病毒仍然是导致人类疾病的主要威胁,而且其分布要比人们先前所意识到的更为广泛。

尽管蝙蝠被认为是这两种病毒的自然宿主,然而,人们尚未成功从蝙蝠中分离发现SARS-CoV的始祖病毒。目前已从中国、欧洲和非洲的蝙蝠分离到多种SARS样冠状病毒(SL-CoVs),但是,由于这些病毒与SARS-CoV在系统进化上的差异以及其纤突蛋白(spike proteins)无法结合SARS-CoV感染人类所利用的细胞受体分子——人血管紧张素转化酶II(ACE2),因此它们无一被认为是SARS-CoV的直接始祖。【原文下载

基于上述情况,由中国科学院武汉病毒研究所领导,与来自澳大利亚、新加坡和美国的科学家们组成一个国际研究小组,通过不懈努力,为菊头蝠作为SARS-CoV的自然宿主这一观点提供了迄今为止最有力的证据。该研究结果在线发表于2013年10月30日的《自然》(Nature)杂志上。

研究人员报道了两株分离自中国云南菊头蝠(菊头蝠科)的新型蝙蝠冠状病毒的全基因组序列:RsSHC014和Rs3367。这两株病毒远比先前发现的其他蝙蝠冠状病毒更加接近SARS-CoV,尤其是其纤突蛋白的受体结合域。最为重要的是,他们通过非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero E6 cells)首次从蝙蝠排泄物中分离得到活的SL-CoV——bat SL-CoV-WIV1,该病毒株具有冠状病毒的典型特征,其序列与Rs3367的相似度达到99.9%,并且可通过人类、果子狸及中华菊头蝠的ACE2入侵宿主细胞。初步体外测试表明,WIV1具有广谱的物种嗜性。

该研究结果为中华菊头蝠作为SARS-CoV的自然宿主这一观点提供了迄今为止最有力的证据,此外,还证明了部分SL-CoV可能无需经由中间宿主就可感染人类。这一研究也凸显了以高危野生动物群体为目标,探索发现新兴病原体的重要性,这一策略可在新发疾病研究中发挥重大作用,并可作为预防大规模流行病学的重要措施。

原文出处

Ge XY, Li JL, Yang XL, Chmura AA, Zhu G, Epstein JH, Mazet JK, Hu B, Zhang W, Peng C, Zhang YJ, Luo CM, Tan B, Wang N, Zhu Y, Crameri G, Zhang SY, Wang LF, Daszak P, Shi ZL.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor.Nature. 2013 Oct 30. 【原文下载

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    2014-04-16 gous
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    2014-03-20 liye789132251
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    2014-03-31 tastas
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    2013-11-10 小刀医生
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