王拥军教授:急性缺血性卒中治疗进入2.0时代

2015-07-06 孙云 整理 中国医学论坛报

在6月27日下午的“卒中研究新进展”论坛,大会执行主席、首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院王拥军教授对2015年上半年卒中领域的重要研究进展进行解读介绍。年中盘点每年都是天坛会重要看点,热情的参会者们早早地就把会场围得水泄不通,今年的亮点与重点明确、突出。临床实践方式变迁:从1.0到2.0时代2015卒中防治的最大进展王拥军教授介绍,2015年卒中防治的最

在6月27日下午的“卒中研究新进展”论坛,大会执行主席、首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院王拥军教授对2015年上半年卒中领域的重要研究进展进行解读介绍。年中盘点每年都是天坛会重要看点,热情的参会者们早早地就把会场围得水泄不通,今年的亮点与重点明确、突出。

临床实践方式变迁:从1.0到2.0时代

2015卒中防治的最大进展

王拥军教授介绍,2015年卒中防治的最大进展有两点:其一是在卒中预防领域,中华医学会心血管病学分会主任委员霍勇教授领导的CSPPT研究发表在《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA),他们在全球范围内首次证实,中国高血压患者降压同时增加叶酸可以更有效地预防卒中;其二是急性缺血性卒中急性期血管内取栓治疗走出阴霾,天空豁然晴朗。血管内治疗被证实有效,这让无数从事卒中急性期治疗的医生们振奋。

循证医学的划时代成就

王教授介绍,临床实践方式经历着3个时期的变迁,即基于症状的直觉/经验医学(昨天)、基于类型(pattern)的循证医学(今天)、基于流程(algorithm)的精准医学(明天)。循证医学为卒中治疗带来了划时代的成就,其中在急性期静脉溶栓领域奠基式的研究是1995年发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEnglJMed)的NINDS研究证实rtPA(重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂)溶栓有效。借用IT行业术语,卒中急性期治疗进入1.0时代。

急性缺血性卒中治疗1.0时代的标准流程是:患者出现卒中症状,拨打“120”急救电话,急救车将患者运送至卒中中心,经CT检查未发现出血后直接静脉溶栓。其循证医学基础包括NINDS研究、ECASS研究和ATLANTIS研究。为促进标准治疗流程的落实、促进静脉溶栓的落实,大家尝试建立急诊绿色通道、进行卒中中心认证、建立远程卒中系统和移动卒中单元。

2.0时代到来

2013年,有关急性缺血性卒中介入治疗发表的4项大型临床试验得出相同结论:对于急性缺血性卒中,动脉治疗未给患者带来任何好的结局,急性期动脉内治疗无效。动脉治疗像遭遇滑铁卢,失败似乎是宿命。

时隔两年,2015国际卒中大会同时发布4项临床试验(MRCLEAN研究、ESCAPE研究、EXTEND-IA研究、SWIFT PRIME研究)证实血管内治疗有效。美国加州大学洛杉矶分校卒中中心萨韦尔(Saver)教授称,急性缺血性卒中治疗进入2.0时代。

经过理智分析后,人们发现这4项研究取得阳性结果的重要原因有3点,治疗延误的缩短、支架技术的发展和精确的患者选择。精确的患者选择即通过更详细的影像学评估方法挑选最可能从血管内治疗中获益的患者,这也是精准医疗的精髓。

在1.0时代,静脉溶栓后60%患者血管开通、35%患者血管未开通,5%发生出血转化。进入2.0时代后,35%血管未开通的患者治疗可以延续,患者再次通过急救系统到达高级卒中中心,进行更复杂的影像学检查(侧支循环检查是必须的),适用患者送入导管室进行血管内取栓治疗。

2.0时代的应对策略

国际同行为2.0时代提出了应对策略。

1.更新专业指南,中国在这方面已走在世界前列,中国卒中学会率先制定《急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗中国指南2015》(发表在《中国卒中杂志》2015年第10卷第7期),优先使用支架取栓装置进行机械取栓(Ⅰ类推荐,A级证据)。

2.建立或修改紧急救援医疗服务系统(EMS)和医院间转诊模式,确保缺血性卒中患者能够明确诊断,迅速进行tPA治疗,之后得到取栓治疗。需要调整EMS政策,当患者需要更多治疗选择的时候,需要平衡时间、距离和可能的治疗适应证。

3.在卒中中心应用CTA(CT血管造影),确定取栓治疗的适用性。

4.应该保留或强调tPA使用的项目,所有适用患者应该先用tPA治疗。

5.参与注册登记,需要在真实世界证实与临床试验类似的疗效,并弄清楚年龄、性别、种族和地域的差别。

6.使用标准绩效评测反馈医疗质量,促进国家、地区的医疗质量改进计划,反馈应该面向院前和院内。

7.对可取栓的卒中中心进行认证,提高高级卒中中心的能力,否则会有缺乏经验、治疗例数少的操作者可能使患者预后不良。

最后,王拥军教授还提到了急性缺血性卒中治疗2.0时代的小插曲,即正在研究中的院前脑保护治疗,包括硫酸镁、NA-1和米诺环素,期待看到它们给卒中救治链带来的变化。

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    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    各种药物对卒中救治链带来的变化有待深入探究

    0

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    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    希望这一领域能有新的突破

    0

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    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    文章写得很好

    0

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    2015-07-08 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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    2015-07-07 保守主义

    越来越专业

    0

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