Addiction:美国阿片类药物致死人数超预期

2020-03-04 沙森 中国科学报

一项使用机器学习算法对药物死亡病例进行的分析显示,过去 20 年,美国死于阿片类药物的人数可能远远超过此前报告的人数。

一项使用机器学习算法对药物死亡病例进行的分析显示,过去 20 年,美国死于阿片类药物的人数可能远远超过此前报告的人数。

据《新科学家》报道,纽约罗切斯特大学的 Elaine Hill 及其同事在检查有关药物过量死亡的数据时意识到,在 1999 年至 2016 年报告的此类病例中,有 22% 在死亡证书上被列为过量,而没有具体说明涉及到的药物。

“考虑到问题的规模,我们发现这值得注意。” 团队成员 Andrew Boslett 说。

该团队试图通过分析验尸官关于阿片类药物过量和无类别用药过量的医学报告,估计这些因用药过量导致的死亡病例中有多大比例是由阿片类药物导致的。

首先,研究人员使用机器学习算法分析了被记录为由阿片类药物过量导致的死亡。他们能够确定由阿片类药物参与治疗的共同因素,如长期疼痛和关节炎。

利用这一信息,该团队估计,在未分类的过量用药死亡中,有 72% 与阿片类药物有关。这一发现表明,美国死于阿片类药物过量的人数比之前认为的多出 99160 人,这一比例被低估了 28%。根据这些新结果,自 1999 年以来,美国共有超过 45 万人死于阿片类药物过量。

“我们最初对这一数据感到惊讶,但后来看到在全美各地所做的工作时,我们觉得这似乎是有道理的。”Hill 说。

根据分析,某些州漏报的阿片类药物过量死亡人数远远高于其他州。宾夕法尼亚州和特拉华州在这方面问题最严重。

该团队目前正在研究为什么美国有这么多因服用过量药物而死亡的案例一直未被分类,而且这种情况还在继续。

“众所周知,与过量使用阿片类药物相关的死亡人数通常被低估了。” 纽约大学的 Jennifer McNeely 说,只有知道这种情况在哪里产生的影响最大,人们才能最有针对性地采取干预措施。

原始出处:

Andrew J. Boslett  Alina Denham, et al. Using contributing causes of death improves prediction of opioid involvement in unclassified drug overdoses in US death records. Addiction, 2019.

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    2020-03-06 lhlxtx

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