医用耗材“零差率”开始实施 政策环环相扣 全国集采即将到来!

2019-10-23 佚名 医库

7月国务院办公厅发布《治理高值医用耗材改革方案》。通知要求,完善价格形成机制,降低高值医用耗材虚高价格。取消公立医疗机构医用耗材加成,2019年底前实现全部公立医疗机构医用耗材“零差率”销售,高值医用耗材销售价格按采购价格执行。

7月国务院办公厅发布《治理高值医用耗材改革方案》。通知要求,完善价格形成机制,降低高值医用耗材虚高价格。取消公立医疗机构医用耗材加成,2019年底前实现全部公立医疗机构医用耗材“零差率”销售,高值医用耗材销售价格按采购价格执行。

近日,据江苏公共新闻频道报道,国家医保局再次强调在年底前,要实现全部公立医疗机构医用耗材“零差率”销售,按照采购价来结算。


政策环环相扣

药品零加成政策已经实施两年多了,取消医用耗材加成也日渐成为焦点。各省市已明确医用耗材零差率政策的具体推行时间及阳光采购的平台搭建。

和药品政策一样,改革环环相扣,医用耗材零差率之后就是耗材议价集采,医用耗材公司将面临残酷竞争和严峻考验,无论中标产品还是非中标产品,都会大规模裁员。

就像现在集采扩面之后,药企进入裁员浪潮,1-2年之内,器械耗材厂商医药销售人员大规模洗牌的日子也要来临了。

医用耗材利益链

以往,由于医疗耗材的采购方式不统一,信息不公开透明,致使采购的产品质量参差不齐,价格虚高。医用耗材特别是高值耗材是“过度医疗”的重灾区,近年来陆续曝光的医疗腐败案件,也透露出医用耗材领域背后的利益链:

今年5月,国内某医院心血管科主任医师被其博士生实名举报乱装支架,装一个回扣1万元。

2016年,河南省查处一批医院腐败窝案,主要是从医用试剂、耗材上非法获利。

南阳市中心医院检验科原主任范某某,因受贿罪和巨额财产来源不明罪,被判处有期徒刑14年,与其同一科室的原副主任施某某被判处有期徒刑6年6个月;他们从检验试剂、耗材上攫取利益长达14年。

零差率打破利益平衡

高值医疗耗材背后产生的灰色利益备受关注。“零差率”是为了破除“以药养医”和“以械养医”之间的利益环节,让利于民。

之前药械销售有加成,能够创收增加利润,医院、医疗机构就有卖药械的动力。医院与医生、厂商的利益方向是一致的。医用耗材在流通领域平均加价2至3倍,通常加价3至4倍。而医疗高值耗材动辄几千上万元,而这些最终都由患者买单。

而现在实行高值医用耗材零差率,公立医院就没有了卖药械的收益,利润变少,但是仓储、物耗、人工等成本不减,必然卖一个亏一个,因此国家用强行扭曲经济规律的做法,事实上让医院与收取灰色利益的医生处在矛盾的两极,而不是像原来一样利益方向一致!

医院收入结构调整

实行高值医用耗材零差率将直接影响了医院收入构成,打破部分腐败利益链条,但同时,医院该如何继续维持良好资金运转?公立医院的收入结构调整呼之欲出。

过去公立医院的收入结构中,药品和耗材所占比重高达50%,各类检查检验占30%,诊疗类的收入仅占20%。现在药品耗材占比下降,医院的收入该怎么弥补呢?

一些地区出台公立医院经费补偿办法,能解决一小部分资金问题。或者强制要求厂商返点等方式,弥补医院的收入。这些外界的补偿无法长期持续维持医院的经营,核心还是要靠提升医务人员的劳务价值。促进公立医院回归到为患者提升诊疗能力和服务水平,而不是靠卖药、做检查来创收。

零差率+DRGs

此外,零差率再加上按病种付费、按疾病诊断相关分组付费(DRGs)等支付方式改革,也会促进医疗机构将高值医用耗材使用内化为运行成本,主动控制高值医用耗材使用。

一方面公立医院医生在用药、耗材方面会进行更多的考量,例如医生会考虑这个药物是否是辅助药物,或者治疗作用是否明显,不那么肯定的药物就会压缩。同时,针对两个效果一样的对标药品,可能会选择相对便宜的药品。

另一方面,医院会更加注重治疗费用结构的调整,在耗材使用、人力成本、治疗方式等方面都会进行更深入的思考,针对某种疾病,医生会去研究更加经济且有效的治疗方案。

我碰到一些原来从事药品行业的人跟我说,现在药难做,他们转型去做器械和耗材了,现在还没等情况摸熟,马上天又变了,药品的今天就是器械耗材的明天啊!

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    2019-11-15 xsm929
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    2019-10-25 bioon3
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