妊娠期垂体腺瘤的ESE临床实践指南

2021-10-26 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

患有垂体腺瘤的女性很难怀孕,这可能与分泌的激素(如泌乳素瘤或促皮质激素腺瘤)过剩有关。

   患有垂体腺瘤的女性很难怀孕,这可能与分泌的激素(如泌乳素瘤或促皮质激素腺瘤)过剩有关。由于大肿瘤压迫垂体和/或病变的外科或放射治疗导致垂体激素缺乏,也可能导致生育能力下降。对患有垂体腺瘤的绝经前妇女进行问诊,在初次诊断时开始了解她们自发受孕或使用辅助生殖技术受孕的机会,以及最佳的孕前治疗。在进行垂体腺瘤妇女的内分泌检查时,需要考虑怀孕期间的正常生理变化。在整个妊娠期,可能需要调整激素替代疗法的剂量。当使用药物治疗垂体激素过量时,应考虑到每一种治疗方案对孕妇的已知疗效和安全性数据。健康女性在怀孕期间垂体增大,因此可能有视力损害的风险,特别是在患有大腺瘤或视神经交叉附近肿瘤的妇女。垂体卒中是腺瘤罕见的急性并发症,需要监测,在某些情况下需要手术干预。本指南描述了从孕前到分娩后诊断和治疗的选择和时机,考虑到腺瘤的大小、位置和内分泌活动。在大多数情况下,患有垂体腺瘤的孕妇应该在专门治疗此类肿瘤的中心由多学科小组内进行治疗。

一般建议:孕前阶段

R.1.1.我们建议被诊断为垂体腺瘤的育龄期妇女尽早了解其潜在的对生育能力和妊娠结果的影响。

R.1.2.我们建议育龄妇女当诊断为功能性或无功能性垂体腺瘤的情况下怀孕时,应由内分泌学专家进行治疗。

R.1.3.我们建议,对于怀孕的育龄妇女,如果存在垂体腺瘤较大(>1厘米)、库欣病或肢端肥大症时,应由多学科小组进行讨论。

R.1.4.我们建议对诊断为垂体腺瘤和垂体功能减退的女性在怀孕前便开始或优化激素替代治疗。

一般建议:怀孕阶段

R.2.1.我们建议已知患有垂体腺瘤的孕妇,特别是患有垂体大腺瘤(>1厘米)、库欣病或肢端肥大症的孕妇,以及有垂体缺陷的孕妇,应由内分泌科医生和高级护士随诊,频率取决于潜在的条件和个性化的需要。

R.2.2.我们建议被诊断为垂体机能减退的孕妇应定期接受内分泌科医生和高级护士的随访。

R.2.3.我们建议为妇女和她们的伴侣提供糖皮质激素应激剂量调整的教育,以及预防或处理妊娠期肾上腺危机的措施。

R.2.4.我们建议在有肿瘤进展或中风症状的情况下,在怀孕期间使用无对比剂的MRI检查。

R.2.5.我们建议对侵犯视神经的腺瘤或疑似肿瘤进展或垂体卒中的患者进行妊娠期视神经检查。

R.2.6.如果内科肿瘤治疗不可行或无效,我们建议对视力恶化、眼肌麻痹或因肿瘤增大而出现严重头痛的孕妇进行手术治疗(⊕⊕◯◯)。

R.2.7.如果需要手术,并且临床允许,我们建议在妊娠中期进行经蝶鞍手术(⊕⊕◯◯)。

R.2.8.我们建议怀孕期间不要进行放射检查。

一般建议:分娩和母乳喂养

R.3.1.我们建议患有垂体腺瘤的孕妇应接受标准的产科护理,建议对母婴密切监护。

R.3.2.一般来说,母乳喂养是可行的,没有禁忌。

无功能腺瘤(NFAs)

R.4.1.在视神经交叉附近有NFAs的妇女计划怀孕时,可以考虑通过手术减少交叉压迫的风险并提高生育能力。

R.4.2.我们建议,对于鞍内无功能微腺瘤且妊娠顺利的女性,在妊娠期间不需要常规的内分泌随访。

R.4.3.对于大腺瘤和/或鞍外神经营养不良,我们建议仅在怀孕期间有肿瘤进展症状或垂体卒中的情况下进行视神经和MRI检查。

R.4.4.我们建议在怀孕期间需要减小腺瘤体积的时候,手术是首选(⊕◯◯◯)。

R.4.5.我们建议直到分娩和哺乳后再对垂体成像和功能的重新评估。

泌乳素瘤

R.5.1.我们建议对想要怀孕的患有泌乳素瘤女性使用多巴胺激动剂治疗,争取使催乳素浓度正常化,恢复正常的排卵周期(⊕⊕◯)。

R.5.2.我们建议对患有泌乳素瘤并想要怀孕的女性首选药物治疗,个别病例可考虑经蝶鞍手术(⊕⊕◯)。

R.5.3.我们建议在怀孕前使用卡麦角林的最低有效剂量作为可能的药物治疗(⊕⊕◯◯)。

R.5.4.我们建议一旦确定怀孕就停止多巴胺激动剂。然而,在特定的情况下,多巴胺激动剂可以延长妊娠期(⊕◯◯◯)。

R.5.5.我们建议在怀孕期间不要测量泌乳素。

R.5.6.我们建议患有鞍内微泌乳素瘤且妊娠前垂体功能正常的妇女,在妊娠期间不需要常规的内分泌随访。

R.5.7.我们建议对患有大泌乳素瘤或靠近视交叉的泌乳素瘤的孕妇对肿瘤生长进行仔细和定期的监测(⊕⊕◯◯)。

R.5.8.我们建议在妊娠期出现进行性泌乳素瘤生长症状时考虑重新启动多巴胺激动剂。只有在治疗失败或有症状的中风的情况下才应使用手术治疗(⊕◯◯◯)。

R.5.9.对于患有泌乳素瘤的女性来说,母乳喂养通常是可行的,并不属于禁忌,但我们建议应考虑个体情况,如肿瘤大小和症状。

R.5.10.我们建议在考虑重新开始治疗之前,在怀孕后重新评估泌乳素瘤状态。

肢端肥大症

R.6.1.对于考虑怀孕的肢端肥大症妇女,我们建议评估疾病活动、合并症和生育状况。

R.6.2.对于新诊断的肢端肥大想要怀孕的妇女,建议手术作为一线治疗。

R.6.3.对于患有轻度肢端肥大症、无合并症且排卵周期正常的妇女,妊娠是安全的,可将药物或手术治疗推迟到分娩后。

R.6.4.我们建议患有肢端肥大症的妇女想要怀孕,如果不能选择手术,并有药物治疗的适应症时,可以使用生长抑素类似物或卡麦角林,直到确认怀孕。聚乙二醇单抗应用于特定的非受控病例(⊕◯◯◯)。

R.6.5.我们建议一旦确定怀孕,就考虑停止治疗肢端肥大症(⊕◯◯◯)。

R.6.6.我们建议在怀孕期间不要测量GH和IGF-I。

R.6.7.我们建议患有大腺瘤或靠近视交叉的腺瘤的孕妇,应定期进行视神经检查,必要时应进行垂体MRI检查。

R.6.8.我们建议考虑开始或重新开始药物治疗以控制肿瘤和可归因于肢端肥大症的严重临床症状(⊕◯◯◯)。

R.6.9.我们建议考虑开始或重新开始药物治疗,以控制肢端肥大症导致的肿瘤和严重临床症状。

R.6.10.我们建议在怀孕后重新评估疾病活动。

库欣病

R.7.1.我们建议患有活动性库欣综合征的女性不要怀孕。

R.7.2.评估孕期高皮质醇症是困难的,我们建议只考虑对库欣病的诊断有高度临床怀疑的患者进行检测。

R.7.3.我们建议患有库欣病的女性,在接受药物治疗和考虑怀孕的情况下,应该仔细考虑不同治疗方案降低皮质醇的利弊(⊕◯◯◯)。

R.7.4.我们建议患有活动性库欣病或接受药物治疗的孕妇应由高危妊娠的多学科专家进行管理。

R.7.5.我们建议使用预防性抗凝药物(低分子肝素)治疗活动性库欣病孕妇。

R.7.6.我们建议在怀孕后重新评估疾病活动。

R.7.7.我们建议母乳喂养。

原文出处:

Luger A,  Broersen LHA,  Biermasz NR,et al.ESE Clinical Practice Guideline on functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in pregnancy.Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Aug 23;185(3) 

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    2021-10-27 wjcjjian
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    2021-10-27 chendoc244
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    2021-10-26 578102862

    获益匪浅

    0

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    2021-10-26 564604711

    很多好

    0

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