CELL:肠道病原体可以保护感染后的神经元 

2021-10-31 haibei MedSci原创

肠道感染可导致神经元损失、长期运动障碍和神经系统疾病。然而,暴露于病原体后是否能诱发耐受状态,防止累积的神经元损失和功能变化,目前仍不清楚。

胃肠道(GI)需要同时产生对无害或有益的饮食和微生物抗原的耐受性,以及对病原体入侵的抵抗力。此外,对病原体和炎症引起的组织损伤的疾病耐受性必须在肠道内运作以维持机体平衡。这对于增殖或再生能力下降的细胞尤其重要,如肠道神经元,它们大量存在于肠道。肠道神经系统(ENS)控制着一些肠道功能,包括运动和营养物质的处理,这些功能可被感染引起的神经病变或神经元细胞死亡所破坏。

已有的在小鼠和大鼠中的研究得到了临床观察的支持,表明肠道感染可导致神经元损失、长期运动障碍和神经系统疾病。然而,暴露于病原体后是否能诱发耐受状态,防止累积的神经元损失和功能变化,目前仍不清楚。

最近,研究人员探究了防止病原体暴露后神经元损失和肠道运动破坏的可能耐受机制。研究人员发现,在肠道感染后,肌肉巨噬细胞(MMs)获得了一种组织保护表型,可以防止神经元损失、运动障碍,并在随后的无关病原体挑战中保持能量平衡。

肠道病原体可以保护感染后的神经元 

细菌诱导的神经保护依赖于激活肠道投射的交感神经元和通过MMs上的β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2AR)发出信号。相反,螺旋体介导的神经保护依赖于T细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞产生的白细胞介素(IL)-4和IL-13,它诱导表达精氨酸酶的MMs,防止位于不同肠道区域的不相关感染造成的神经元损失。

总的来说,这些数据表明,不同的肠道病原体会引发疾病或组织耐受状态,从而保留ENS的数量和功能。

 

原始出处:

Tomasz Ahrends et al. Enteric pathogens induce tissue tolerance and prevent neuronal loss from subsequent infections. CELL (2021). 

 

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    2022-01-06 维他命
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    2021-11-03 1482963am12暂无昵称

    学习了,🙏

    0

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    2021-11-02 xue8605

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