Ann Intern Med:营养补充剂和膳食干预对心血管结局的影响

2019-07-19 sunshine 译 MedSci原创

营养补充剂和饮食干预在预防死亡率和心血管疾病(CVD)结果方面的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在检查有关营养补充剂和饮食干预对成人死亡率和心血管结局影响的证据。研究人员检索了PubMed,CINAHL和Cochrane Library从成立到2019年3月; ClinicalTrials.gov(2019年3月10日); journal Web site和reference lists中收录的文章。纳入英

营养补充剂和饮食干预在预防死亡率和心血管疾病(CVD)结果方面的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在检查有关营养补充剂和饮食干预对成人死亡率和心血管结局影响的证据。

研究人员检索了PubMed,CINAHL和Cochrane Library从成立到2019年3月; ClinicalTrials.gov(2019年3月10日); journal Web site和reference lists中收录的文章。纳入英文发表文章,评估营养补充剂或饮食干预对全因死亡率或心血管结局的影响,如死亡、心肌梗死卒中和冠心病的随机对照试验(RCTs)和RCT的荟萃分析。

研究选择了9项系统评价和4项新的随机对照试验,共包括277项试验,24项干预措施和992129名参与者。结果显示,有中等确定性证据表明减少盐的摄入量可降低正常血压参与者的全因死亡风险(风险比[RR],0.90 [95%CI,0.85至0.95])和高血压参与者的心血管死亡率(RR,0.67 [95%CI,0.46-0.99])。低确定性证据表明,ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)与心肌梗死(RR,0.92 [95%CI,0.85-0.99])和冠心病(RR,0.93 [95%CI,0.89-0.98])的风险降低相关。叶酸与卒中风险降低相关(RR,0.80 [CI,0.67-0.96];低确定性),而钙加维生素D增加卒中风险(RR,1.17 [95%CI,1.05-1.30];中等确定性)。其他营养补充剂,如维生素B6,维生素A,多种维生素,抗氧化剂,铁和饮食干预,如减少脂肪摄入,对死亡率或心血管疾病结果没有显著影响(非常低至中等确定性证据)。局限性在于所纳入研究的质量和确定性等级欠佳。

总之,该研究结果表明,减少盐摄入量,使用omega-3 LC-PUFA和补充叶酸可以降低成人心血管疾病的风险。钙和维生素D联合使用可能会增加卒中的风险。

原始出处:

Khan SU, Khan MU, et al., Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jul 9. doi: 10.7326/M19-0341. 

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