Nature:返老还童新方法,年轻的脑脊液可增强衰老大脑再生,改善记忆力

2022-05-12 王聪 “ Brainology”公众号

近年来,一些研究发现,将年轻小鼠肠道菌群移植给老年小鼠,能够逆转老年小鼠的肠道、眼睛及大脑的衰老特征,还能在一定程度上抵消老年小鼠与衰老相关的认知能力下降。

早在2005年,加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员就有了一个惊人的发现,用年轻小鼠血液替换老年小鼠血液,能够使老年小鼠恢复组织活力,逆转衰老迹象。这引发了一阵研究热潮,科学家们开始研究年轻人的血液中是否含有某些特殊分子,可以作为人类的“青春之泉”。

近年来,一些研究发现,将年轻小鼠肠道菌群移植给老年小鼠,能够逆转老年小鼠的肠道、眼睛及大脑的衰老特征,还能在一定程度上抵消老年小鼠与衰老相关的认知能力下降。

这些研究发现,都提示了我们,年轻个体中或许蕴含着逆转衰老的秘密

大脑衰老是痴呆症和神经退行性疾病的基础,给家庭和社会带来了巨大的压力和负担。移植年轻的血液或肠道菌群显示出了逆转大脑衰老、恢复认知能力的巨大希望。然而,大脑受到了血脑屏障的保护,这严重限制了这些方式对大脑的作用。

脑脊液(Cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)是大脑直接环境的一部分,负责向脑细胞输送营养,转导各种分子和生长因子信号。而人类脑脊液中的蛋白成分随着衰老的进行而变化,其特征是炎症相关蛋白增加,脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)等生长因子减少。脑脊液中的这些变化是否会导致与年龄相关的认知能力下降?脑脊液究竟在大脑衰老过程中发挥什么作用?这些重要问题都还没有答案。

2022年5月11日,斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为:Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17 的研究论文。

这项研究显示,将年轻小鼠的脑脊液输注给老年小鼠后,会改善老年小鼠的记忆能力。并进一步揭示了其背后的可能机制:年轻小鼠脑脊液中的纤维细胞生长因子17(Fgf17)是诱导 SRF 信号转导的激活剂,而 SRF 作为转录因子促进老年小鼠海马体中少突胶质前体细胞的增殖和分化。

这项研究表明,年轻小鼠的脑脊液对衰老大脑具有潜在的再生性能,而 Fgf17 是促进衰老大脑再生的一个潜在因子

为了验证年轻小鼠的脑脊液是否具有再生性能,研究团队收集了10周大(相当于人类10-20岁)的年轻小鼠的脑脊液,并缓慢输注到18个月大(相当于人类60-70岁)的老年小鼠大脑侧脑室中。

实验结果显示,年轻小鼠的脑脊液改善了老年小鼠的记忆功能,针对海马体(大脑记忆中心)的无偏转录组分析显示,少突胶质细胞对年轻小鼠的脑脊液环境最敏感。进一步研究显示,年轻小鼠的脑脊液能够促进老年小鼠海马体中少突胶质前体细胞的增殖和分化,具有让少突胶质细胞和髓鞘质再生的潜力。

为了进一步明确其背后的机制,他们研究了被年轻小鼠脑脊液激活的信号转导通路。通过 RNA 代谢测序,确定了血清反应因子(SRF),一种驱动肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排的转录因子,介导了年轻小鼠脑脊液对少突胶质前体细胞的促增殖作用。而且,随着年龄的增长,海马体中少突胶质前体细胞的 SRF 表达降低。

接下来,研究团队筛选了脑脊液中潜在的 SRF 激活剂,他们发现,成纤维细胞生长因子17(Fgf17)是诱导 SRF 信号转导的候选分子。Fgf17 在老年小鼠中的表达水平降低,给老年小鼠输注 Fgf17 足以诱导老年小鼠的少突胶质前体细胞增殖和记忆能力改善。而阻断 Fgf17 则会损害年轻小鼠的认知能力。

这些研究结果表明,Fgf17 是促进衰老大脑再生的一个潜在因子

Nature 期刊同期发表了的评论文章指出,该研究不仅提示了 FGF17 基因具有作为大脑衰老治疗靶标的潜力,还提示了让药物直接进入脑脊液的给药途径可能有助于痴呆症的治疗。

 

原始出处:

Iram, T., Kern, F., Kaur, A. et al. Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04722-0.

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    2023-01-26 liye789132251
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    2022-05-25 清风徐来2022

    以前是换年轻的血液能#抗衰老#,这是换脑脊液,真敢想?如果这么简单,就一定能发现分泌因子能抗#衰老#,事实上很困难。

    0

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    2022-05-12 雨碎江南

    木星上行提取的是类似物质哈

    0

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