Cancer Discov:吴一龙团队采用肿瘤分子残留病灶(MRD)精准预测肺癌复发

2022-05-18 小小医者 MedSci原创

这一发现,将改变早中期肺癌的治疗策略,即避免过度治疗,又能对复发高风险人群开展精准介入治疗。

虽然全球癌症监测数据显示,第一大癌症已经被乳腺癌所替代。但在中国,即便各种创新性研究、应用不断推陈出新,肺癌仍然是发病率和死亡率高居榜首的单一癌症。尤其是对于那些早、中期肺癌患者,明接受了根治性手术或根治性放化疗后,肿瘤是否真的“根治”(彻底治愈)?会不会复发?何时复发?

肺癌的难于治愈性,关键点之一就是其有极高的复发转移率。即便是在目前大家对肺小结节高度重视,早期肺癌发现率不断提升的当下,仍然有30%-70%的早中期患者(早期复发率低,分期越晚复发率越高)会在接受了根治性手术切除、辅助、新辅助治疗流程后出现疾病复发。

肺癌专家、广东省人民医院终身主任、广东省肺癌研究所名誉所长吴一龙教授领衔的临床科研团队,显然在这个世界级难题面前找到了突破瓶颈的方案。

借鉴血液肿瘤领域通过MRD(肿瘤微小残留病灶)能够有效预测白血病等血液患者是否复发的理念,吴一龙团队决定也将攻关焦点聚集在这个微小残留物上。通过对外周血进行高深度的检测,以查找肺癌相关的分子残留病灶或微小残留病灶。理论上,阴性代表患者没有肿瘤残留或者肿瘤负荷极低,阳性则代表体内仍存有肿瘤,并据此对患者是否会复发进行预判。

以张嘉涛博士和杨学宁主任为主要研究者的小组,通过对接受了根治性治疗的早中期非小细胞肺癌患者的血液检查,通过特殊手段查找血液里是否存在肿瘤分子残留病灶(MRD),能够极大概率对患者的病情走势进行精准预判,准确率高达96.8%。这一研究结果发表在Cancer Discovery上。

研究人员招募了 261 名接受了根治性手术的 I 至 III 期 NSCLC 患者,通过 MRD 检测成功检测了 913 份外周血样本。在人群中,只有 6 名纵向未检测到 MRD 的患者(3.2%)复发,其阴性预测值为 96.8%。纵向检测不到的 MRD 可以定义治愈的患者。发生可检测 MRD 的最高风险是在地标检测后约 18 个月。相应地,纵向可检测 MRD 的阳性预测值为 89.1%,中位提前期为 3.4 个月。然而,MRD 很少检测到仅脑部复发(n = 1/5, 20%)。进一步的亚组分析显示,无法检测到 MRD 的患者可能无法从辅助治疗中受益。总之,这些结果阐明了 MRD 在 NSCLC 中的价值。

这一在肺癌治疗领域具有划时代意义的发现,将彻底改变早中期肺癌的治疗策略,即避免过度治疗,又能对复发高风险人群开展精准介入治疗。“不仅仅是早中期肺癌患者能够从中获益,中晚期患者如果我们发现阴性,那也是可以进行放假式治疗的。也就是阴性期,我们暂停治疗,让患者身心放假。发现阳性后,再提供后续治疗。此举会大大降低社会、医疗成本不说,患者的生活、生存质量也会大大提高。”

这项研究具有重要的意义。

1、研究重要意义之一:佐证了中晚期肺癌也能“治愈”

由于现代医学和肺癌之间的博弈已久,临床上从分子靶向到免疫治疗等新辅助治疗手段层出不穷,肺癌专家们手中的治疗武器是越来越多、越来越有效。不少通过新辅助治疗等综合手段干预的中晚期肺癌患者,其肿瘤分期是存在降期(即从较晚分期向较早分期改变)的。吴一龙教授透露,在入组的261名患者中,就有一些经过新辅助治疗后符合入组条件的患者。

通过对患者MRD(肿瘤微小残留病灶)检测发现,即便是这些中期病患,相当部分也一直保持MRD检查阴性。而长期的观察随访发现,只要是阴性就没有复发。

统计显示,MRD的阴性预测价值达到96.8%,也就是说若患者术后一直保持MRD阴性,其复发的概率仅有3.2%,是潜在已治愈的人群。这首先证明了通过现有的多种治疗手段,一部分非小细胞肺癌患者其实也成了“潜在”的治愈人群。“之所以说是潜在治愈,那是因为我们MRD项目的研究随访时间还不够长,只有两年多时间,随着研究的进展,我们可以去掉‘潜在’‘可能’这样的表述。只要他的MRD一直保持阴性,那他就是一名肺癌彻底治愈人士。”

2、研究重要意义之二:阴性患者不建议药物干预,大量节约社会医疗成本

即便是明确的早中期肺癌患者,按照以往的指南、规范,在接受了根治性治疗之后,在其病情维持阶段往往也是需要进行药物或治疗干预。这种干预可能是化疗,也可能是分子靶向治疗,秉持的是防患于未然,有杀错、不放过的治疗原则。

“这一定程度上带来了过度治疗的问题。而我们的研究,事实上对于这部分患者更为精准的治疗。那就是如果早中期患者MRD阴性,那么就不需要进行药物干预。”吴一龙教授认为。

广东省人民医院肿瘤中心党总支书记、肿瘤中心主任杨衿记教授说,“一直以来,我们说要推行精准治疗。但更多的只是停留在精准医学的概念阶段。这个研究成果的发现,就能针对性地对早中期非小细胞肺癌患者进行精准治疗和干预。定义为潜在可治愈的患者,那就不需要进行药物干预了。”

3、研究重要意义之三:阳性患者可以提前干预,晚期患者将来可接受放假式治疗

261名入组患者进行两年的MRD检测观察,吴一龙团队发现了早中期非小细胞肺癌的复发高峰期往往出现在根治性治疗后的18个月之内。超过这一临界时间点,入组患者的复发风险就开始明显降低。这也提示,肺癌患者如接受MRD检测,一般需要持续1年半到2年时间。研究阶段的肺癌MRD检测观察是全免费的,但今后应用于临床,大约2年时间需花费2万元左右。

这样的花费肯定比药物治疗是更为经济的,更为关键的是,随着技术的进步和开展数量的增加,费用将更为经济。而且因其为医保基金提供了大量节约,专家团队也将力争将其纳入医疗保险支付范畴。

两年多来,研究团队一共观察到了47例复发病例。此前,要判断为复发,需要通过相对高昂的CT、MRI甚至PET-CT来进行判断,而且影像判断时,复发已经发生,肿瘤实质上已经进展。

但通过MRD的监测,则可以提前3~4个月在外周血里发现复发的信号,从而预测疾病复发。这一预测的价值达到89.1%。“也就是说若患者术后出现MRD阳性,其后续出现疾病复发的概率达到90%左右!更为关键的是,这种提前发现的复发患者,为我们提前进行医学干预争取到了时间窗口,最终直接作用就是让复发患者获益,提升生活质量、延长生存期。”

广东省人民医院肿瘤医院院长、广东省肺癌研究所副所长周清教授表示,MRD阴性意味着患者体内没有肿瘤残留,那就是说该部分人群其实没必要接受辅助治疗,因为他已经治愈了。而数据也正是证实了这一点。但是从研究亚组分析可以发现,MRD阳性人群可以从辅助治疗中获益,而阴性人群接受辅助治疗并没有生存获益,只会增加相应的治疗副作用。

“因此这一研究成果必然会对后续精准辅助治疗决策带来提示作用。目前做的是早中期肺癌患者,将来延伸到中晚期肺癌患者治疗领域,如果晚期患者的MRD为阴性,那就意味着前期治疗疗效确切,阴性期间患者完全可以让身心从放化疗、靶向、免疫治疗这些辅助治疗手段中放个假。”

4、研究重要意义之四:脑转移通过MRD检测准确率降低,正在攻克

作为肺癌领域,尤其是肺癌外科领域的权威专家,广东省人民医院、省肺癌研究所所长钟文昭教授在长期的临床实践中发现了肺癌的这样一大特征—肺癌脑转移现象。由于大脑血脑屏障的存在,躯干外周血里是比较难查找到脑转移癌细胞释放的微小残留物的。

“通过MRD检测技术,在外周血里能否查找到虽然是早中期但已经脑转移患者的微小残留物,并加以预判吗?这是我们外科领域比较关心的问题”。作为吴一龙教授团队核心成员,他也将这一问题带到了研究当中。

事实上,最终的研究成果也证实了钟文昭教授的担心,研究首次发现单纯脑转移的复发情况是目前外周血MRD检测的主要瓶颈。前面说到了MRD阴性患者的预判准确率为96.8%,即96.8%的阴性患者那就是潜在治愈患者,不会复发。而明确为阴性的却复发的患者中,相当部分就是因为已经发生了脑转移。“本次研究一共有5例患者出现术后单纯脑转移,但仅有1例患者可以被MRD检测捕捉到阳性信号,其灵敏度只有20%(1/5),因此研究课题组将针对这一问题展开接下来的研究布局。”

5、研究中重要意义之五:除了应用于肺癌,其他癌症也可以借鉴这一模式

恶性肿瘤往往会释放MRD(微小残留物或肿瘤DNA),这并非肺癌独有的特征。如果通过科学手段能够通过肺癌MRD来预判复发与否,在乳腺癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌……其他众多的单一恶性肿瘤领域也同样可以借鉴。

吴一龙教授表示,实际上目前MRD已经是一个非常热门的医学前沿领域,在膀胱癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌等高发癌症领域,对应的临床科研团队也在进行研究,并已经有了一定的科研成果。

“在此项研究的基础上,我们还会在局部晚期、晚期肺癌领域MRD的价值应用上开展探索、研究,几项前瞻性MRD临床试验也正筹备进行中。相信在不久的将来,广东省肺癌研究所在肺癌MRD领域的深入将会是全国甚至全球处于领先地位,也将会给肺癌患者带来更为切实的利益。”吴一龙表示道。

吴一龙表示,通过对患者不同时期(比如手术前、手术后固定周期抽取)血液样本进行深度检测,通过队列研究,总共进行了913个血液样本检测分析,得出了目前国内乃至全球肺癌MRD领域的最有力证据.

吴一龙表示,目前MRD已是热门的医学前沿领域,在膀胱癌、结直肠癌等高发癌症领域也在进行临床研究,已有一定成果。

原始出处:

Zhang JT, Liu SY, Gao W, Liu SM, Yan HH, Ji L, Chen Y, Gong Y, Lu HL, Lin JT, Yin K, Jiang BY, Nie Q, Liao RQ, Dong S, Guan Y, Dai P, Zhang XC, Yang JJ, Tu HY, Xia X, Yi X, Zhou Q, Zhong WZ, Yang XN, Wu YL.Longitudinal Undetectable Molecular Residual Disease Defines Potentially Cured Population in Localized Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer Discov. 2022 May 11:OF1-OF12. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1486

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    2023-04-17 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2078084, encodeId=c18f20e80848e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eadf82828a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤分子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82828, encryptionId=eadf82828a1, topicName=肿瘤分子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Apr 17 10:30:04 CST 2023, time=2023-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1242696, encodeId=468612426969c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f31f39333f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#吴一龙#</a>团队采用<a href='/topic/show?id=d392104653a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤分子残留病灶#</a>(MRD)精准预测<a href='/topic/show?id=384b8220449' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺癌#</a>复发, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39333, encryptionId=f31f39333f0, topicName=吴一龙), TopicDto(id=104653, encryptionId=d392104653a8, topicName=肿瘤分子残留病灶), TopicDto(id=82204, encryptionId=384b8220449, topicName=肺癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 03:08:16 CST 2022, time=2022-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2013876, encodeId=62a920138e62a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Wed Nov 02 22:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403596, encodeId=8099140359697, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Fri May 20 06:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411043, encodeId=0cf91411043b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a649121941c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MRD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12194, encryptionId=a649121941c, topicName=MRD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Fri May 20 06:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587944, encodeId=0923158e9445c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Fri May 20 06:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-02 小小医者

    #吴一龙#团队采用#肿瘤分子残留病灶#(MRD)精准预测#肺癌#复发

    0

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    2022-05-20 智慧医人
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    2022-05-20 yankaienglish