Cell:首次可视化观察流感病毒入侵靶细胞过程

2018-07-07 佚名 细胞

在一项新的研究中,来自美国塔夫茨大学医学院、西奈山伊坎医学院、德国图宾根大学和美因茨大学的研究人员首次直接地可视化观察流感病毒的表面蛋白发生的实时结构变化,这些变化可能有助这种病毒与靶细胞融合,入侵它们的内部并劫持它们的功能。他们发现位于流感病毒表面上的单个血凝素(hemagglutinin, HA)分子解折叠并向靶细胞延伸,随后重新折叠,这个过程每秒会发生5至10次。这一发现表明流感病毒要比之前

在一项新的研究中,来自美国塔夫茨大学医学院、西奈山伊坎医学院、德国图宾根大学和美因茨大学的研究人员首次直接地可视化观察流感病毒的表面蛋白发生的实时结构变化,这些变化可能有助这种病毒与靶细胞融合,入侵它们的内部并劫持它们的功能。他们发现位于流感病毒表面上的单个血凝素(hemagglutinin, HA)分子解折叠并向靶细胞延伸,随后重新折叠,这个过程每秒会发生5至10次。这一发现表明流感病毒要比之前认为的发生更大的动态变化,这可能有助于开发更加有效的疫苗和更好地理解埃博拉病毒、HIV和非典型肺炎冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)等其他的病毒。相关研究结果于2018年6月28日在线发表在Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Direct Visualization of the Conformational Dynamics of Single Influenza Hemagglutinin Trimers”。

几十年来,流感病毒一直是通过一种相同的机制入侵细胞的一大类病毒的研究模型:这些病毒表面上的包膜蛋白必须将它们附着到细胞膜上,随后它们与细胞融合在一起。这种融合让病毒的内含物释放到细胞中,因此它就能够接管细胞的内部功能并进行增殖。流感病毒的包膜蛋白HA长期以来一直是研究其他病毒中的融合机制的模板。

Munro说,“包膜蛋白被描述成老式的捕鼠器,处于静态的弹簧加压状态,等待着与靶细胞发生相互作用的触发。一旦受到触发,它们在三维结构上就会经历巨大的变化,从而使得流感病毒与细胞发生融合并入侵靶细胞内部。然而,尽管之前的研究已给出一些提示,但是这个过程并未直接被人们观察到,而且人们广泛地认为这种病毒表面上的每个包膜蛋白分子经触发后仅有一次机会附着到靶细胞表面上。”

通过使用先进的成像技术---用于测量经过荧光染料标记的单个分子内的纳米距离的单分子荧光共振能量转移(single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer, smFRET),随后对获得的数据进行重要的计算分析,这些研究人员首次对寻找细胞靶标的单个HA分子的形状变化进行实时可视化观察。为了便于开展这些实验,对HA分子的成像是在它们位于一种与流感病毒不存在亲缘关系的病毒的表面上开展的。

这些研究人员发现的是一种多功能且发生动态变化的HA分子,这与之前假设的模型相差甚远。Munro说,“这种病毒分子能够自我重构,然后逆转这种自我重构,并多次快速地重复这个过程。这个事实改变了我们看待病毒入侵的方式。”

这种可逆性可能以多种方式让流感病毒受益,包括在没有合适靶标存在的情况下阻止过早激活,让众多病毒分子能够保持同步以便增强入侵效率,并干扰细胞中的识别病毒的形状来抵抗它入侵的保护性抗体。

Munro说,“表面蛋白是免疫系统‘观察到’的这种病毒中的唯一部分。因此,几乎所有已知抑制病毒增殖的抗体都靶向这些蛋白。我们问道,‘免疫系统识别什么结构才能制造出更加有效的抗体?’”

还需开展进一步的研究来证实这种蛋白动态变化是否也存在于流感病毒之外的其他病毒中,而且利用惰性的没有感染性的埃博拉病毒颗粒进行的可视化观察实验正在Munro实验室中开展。

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961002, encodeId=fdf5196100225, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Jun 06 06:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1942850, encodeId=ce5c194285085, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5244385233f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#可视化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38523, encryptionId=5244385233f, topicName=可视化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Sat Jan 05 10:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870733, encodeId=efb518e073374, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 23:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799584, encodeId=ba691e9958474, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=baabe0901b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病毒入侵#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70901, encryptionId=baabe0901b6, topicName=病毒入侵)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Mon Dec 03 19:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=330071, encodeId=927b3300e189, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sun Jul 08 00:05:13 CST 2018, time=2018-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=330066, encodeId=14c333006651, content=了解一下.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 23:03:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=330059, encodeId=9b9133005995, content=谢谢分享学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 22:48:24 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-08 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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    2018-07-07 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-07-07 戒馋,懒,贪

    谢谢分享学习了

    0

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近日,埃博拉病毒的再度席卷惹得人心惶惶,近日,WHO发布了一则重要消息,x病可能成为继埃博拉病毒之后,又一个肆虐全球的公共卫生疾病。该则消息近日发表在知名期刊《BMJ》上。

Xofluza抗流感的机制探索

全世界每年有300至500万例严重疾病与流感有关,流感是由流感病毒A和B引起的传染病。疫苗和抗病毒药物可用于流感,但病毒株对这些药物的抗性正在不断出现。因此具有新颖作用机制的有效药物的需求是迫切的。

Clin Infect Dis:对抗儿童流感:减毒活疫苗vs灭活疫苗

2018年2月,发表在《Clin Infect Dis.》的一项由美国科学家进行的,考察了2015~2016年间减毒活疫苗(LAIV)和灭活流感疫苗(IIV)对美国儿童的疫苗效力。