J Infect:氟喹诺酮类药物常规用于结核性脑膜炎 不推荐!不推荐!不推荐!

2018-11-13 吴星 环球医学

现代生活方式节奏的加快,打破了很多人的生活规律和习惯,患结核性脑膜炎的人逐渐增多。早期使用抗结核治疗,辅助皮质类固醇,可以降低结核性脑膜炎的死亡率和致残率,然而,仍有接近一半的患者死亡或者留下严重残疾。因此,寻找新药来改善这些患者的结局十分有必要。

现代生活方式节奏的加快,打破了很多人的生活规律和习惯,患结核性脑膜炎的人逐渐增多。早期使用抗结核治疗,辅助皮质类固醇,可以降低结核性脑膜炎的死亡率和致残率,然而,仍有接近一半的患者死亡或者留下严重残疾。因此,寻找新药来改善这些患者的结局十分有必要。

近期研究发现,多种氟喹诺酮类药物,包括莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和加替沙星等,均具有高效的抗结核作用。此外,多数氟喹诺酮类药物容易穿过血脑屏障,具有良好的脑脊液渗透性,同时体外也具有抗分枝杆菌活性。对于结核性脑膜炎的管理,氟喹诺酮类药物或许能助一臂之力。

2018年10月,发表在《J Infect》一项系统评价和Meta分析,调查了结核性脑膜炎患者一线治疗方案中氟喹诺酮类药物的有效性。

研究人员使用Pubmed、CENTRAL和LILACS进行了系统的文献检索,检索的文献发表日期截至2017年3月。研究人员也检索了对照试验的Meta注册数据库和相关研究的参考文献。纳入标准为氟喹诺酮类药物为标准抗结核治疗的辅助治疗或替代治疗的随机对照试验(RCTs)。

通过预先设计的表格提取数据。研究人员计算了二分类数据的风险比(RR),如果无异质性,则使用固定效应模型合并数据。首要结局测量指标为死亡。

包括1115名结核性脑膜炎患者的5项试验纳入到研究中。

结果显示,将氟喹诺酮类药物添加到标准方案中,未发现能显着降低死亡率(RR,0.68;低质量证据)。

将氟喹诺酮类药物添加到强化方案中(包含高剂量利福平),未发现显着降低死亡率(RR,0.97;低质量证据)。

将氟喹诺酮类药物替换标准方案中的乙胺丁醇(RR,1.17;中等质量证据,不能排除危害风险)或利福平(RR,0.57;低质量证据),不会产生任何生存获益。

除了氟喹诺酮类药物组视力丧失和癫痫发作发生率较高外,其他总体不良事件的发生率无显着性差异。

因此,作者目前不推荐将氟喹诺酮类药物常规添加到标准方案中,或替换标准方案中的药物。

总之,氟喹诺酮类药物加入标准/强化方案,或替代标准方案中的任何药物,未发现能显着改善结核性脑膜炎患者的预后。在单独分析和汇总的荟萃分析中,也没有发现任何获益。基于氟喹诺酮类药物方案和标准方案之间的不良事件数量没有统计学差异,然而,接受基于氟喹诺酮类药物方案的患者癫痫发作和视力丧失更为普遍。因此,除了耐药性结核性脑膜炎等特殊情况外,目前不建议在标准方案中常规添加或替代氟喹诺酮类药物。由于本系统评价中的多数证据为中至低质量,因此预计对该领域进行进一步研究将会显着影响指南的制定。

原始出处:

Rizvi I, Malhotra HS, Garg RK, et al. Fluoroquinolones in the management of tuberculous meningitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2018 Oct;77(4):261-275. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jul 12.

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