BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health:针对中国人群体的研究,相比于男性,女性更应控制碳水摄入

2021-01-30 侯媛媛 生物探索

高血压作为一种常见的慢性病,是诱发心脑血管疾病最主要的危险因素,时刻威胁着人们的生命健康。在我国,高血压的患病率从1959年的5.1%上升至2014年的29.6%,增长势头强劲。

高血压作为一种常见的慢性病,是诱发心脑血管疾病最主要的危险因素,时刻威胁着人们的生命健康。在我国,高血压的患病率从1959年的5.1%上升至2014年的29.6%,增长势头强劲。饮食调节被认为是预防血压升高和心脑血管疾病的最有效方法之一,碳水化合物(如谷类、蔬菜、水果)作为日常饮食的主要来源,它对健康的影响一直是关注的热点。

先前欧洲和美国的大规模研究表明,较低的总碳水化合物摄入量与死亡率增加有关。但值得注意的是,碳水化合物对于健康影响可能取决于碳水化合物来源,因此需“因地制宜”。

近日,由西安交通大学医学部发表在《BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health》期刊题为“Gender-specific association between carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure in Chinese adults ”的文章阐述了不同性别的中国成年人碳水化合物的消耗与血压之间的关系,发现较高的碳水化合物消耗量会对中国女性的血压产生不良影响,但对男性的影响则不明显。

研究选取了我国陕西省汉中市2241名(774名男性和1467名女性)18-80岁的农村居民,参与者提供近一年的饮食(蛋白质、钠和其他营养物质等)、个人状况(年龄、教育背景、职业、财富指数和高血压家族史等)以及生活方式(吸烟、饮酒及规律运动情况)信息,并由专业医护人员定期对参与者进行血压测量,包括收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)。

根据所收集的信息,计算出男性平均每天碳水化合物的摄入量为267.4±112.0g,女性每天为204.9±90.7g,男性摄入的碳水化合物量明显比女性更高。所有参与男性平均高压(SBP)为126,平均低压(DBP)为79,女性为124和79,男性血压也明显高于女性。结果诊断出有228名(29.5%)男性和364名(24.8%)女性患有高血压。

进一步研究中,研究人员利用参与者碳水化合物的消耗,得到营养摄入的特征,碳水化合物的摄入量与蛋白质、钾和纤维摄入量呈正相关,却与钠、脂肪和钙摄入量成反比,且消耗较高碳水化合物的参与者往往年长、受教育程度低、身体活动较少。

参与者碳水化合物摄入和消耗量的特征

将参与者按性别划分,继续探究总碳水化合物摄入量与SBP和DBP之间的关系。结果显示,在控制男性的年龄、文化程度、财富指数和高血压家族史等变量后,碳水化合物摄入与SBP和DBP之间没有显着关联,但在女性参与者中,控制了人口统计学信息、生活方式和饮食因素等变量后,碳水化合物摄入与SBP和DBP呈正相关。

继续观察发现,在女性参与者中,较少或较多的碳水化合物摄入量均有较高的SBP,在摄入130-150g碳水化合物的情况下,得到最低SBP,但对于DBP,未检测到显着的线性关联。在男性中,尽管碳水化合物摄入量与SBP和DBP之间没有显着线性关系,但SBP与DBP之间存在线性正相关。

女性与男性碳水化合物摄入量与SBP和DBP的关系

总之,性别不同,碳水化合物对血压的影响也不同。在中国,女性碳水化合物的总摄入量与SBP和DBP的增加有关,男性则没有显着关联。

作者在文章最后论述到:过去几十年,中国人群体的饮食发展迅速,但有效的碳水化合物摄入量却有所减少,这与食物质量差和肉类摄入过多有关。未来,我们更应该关注食品加工、营养保留等质量问题以及人们日常生活中的平衡膳食。

原始出处:

Ruru Liu1,2, Baibing Mi1, Yaling Zhao1,et al.Gender-specific association between carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure in Chinese adults .BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health.http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000165

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    2021-11-17 shizhenshan
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    2021-02-17 lhlxtx
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    2021-04-05 xjy13
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    2021-03-05 gaoxiaoe
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