里程碑!免疫“双子星”获国家药品监督管理局批准用于恶性胸膜间皮瘤一线治疗

2021-06-11 梅斯医学 梅斯医学

开创新局!

2021年6月11日,百时美施贵宝宣布,纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗注射液获中国国家药品监督管理局批准用于不可手术切除的、初治的非上皮样恶性胸膜间皮瘤成人患者。这是双免疫联合治疗在国内获批的第一个适应证,标志着全球首个CTLA-4抑制剂伊匹木单抗注射液正式登陆中国。

此次获批基于一项名为CheckMate-743的临床研究,这是首个且目前唯一证实一线双免疫治疗对比标准含铂化疗能够为所有恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)患者带来生存获益的随机、III期临床研究。研究结果显示,最短随访22个月时,在总人群中双免疫治疗组患者的中位OS为18.1个月,化疗组为14.1个月 (风险比 [HR]: 0.74 [96.6% 置信区间]: 0.60, 0.91; p=0.002)。纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗注射液组患者2年生存率为41%,化疗组为27%。

 
双免疫疗法对比化疗治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤中位OS.

组织学类型是恶性胸膜间皮瘤公认的预后因素,非上皮样组织类型通常预后更差。在CheckMate-743研究中,患者按组织学类型随机分层,使用纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗注射液治疗的非上皮样和上皮样胸膜间皮瘤患者的生存期均有改善,在非上皮样组织类型患者亚组中观察到的优势更大。在双免疫联合治疗组中,非上皮样组织类型患者的中位OS为 18.1个月,而化疗组中对应患者的中位OS仅为8.8个月 (风险比 [HR]: 0.46 [95% 置信区间]: 0.31, 0.68)。
 
间皮瘤是一种原发于间皮细胞的罕见且具有高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,中国每年确诊病例约为3,000例,以胸膜间皮瘤为主。其发病与石棉暴露高度相关。因诊断延误,大多数患者在确诊时疾病已进展或发生转移。恶性胸膜间皮瘤的预后一般较差,既往未经治疗的晚期或转移性恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的中位生存期在12至14个月之间,五年生存率约10%。


https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/160-china-fact-sheets.pdf
 
CheckMate-743中国主要研究者为上海交通大学附属胸科医院肿瘤科主任陆舜教授。陆舜教授表示,恶性胸膜间皮瘤是一种具有高度侵袭性的罕见癌症,治疗选择十分有限。其发病与石棉暴露高度相关,大部分患者在确诊时已为晚期,5年生存率不足10%。在所有的组织学类型中,非上皮样组织类型患者的预后更差,患者亟需新的治疗方案以改善治疗效果,延长生存时间。作为15年来首个获批的系统性疗法,纳武利尤单抗注射液联合逸沃为非上皮样患者带来了两倍于化疗的总生存获益,使得患者长期生存成为可能,具有里程碑的意义,有望成为恶性胸膜间皮瘤新的标准治疗。

在最新发布的《中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)免疫检查点抑制剂临床应用指南(2021年版)》中,纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗注射液一线治疗非上皮样和上皮样胸膜间皮瘤成为唯一获得I级(1类证据)和II级推荐(2A类证据)的治疗方案。

纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗注射液是两种免疫检查点抑制剂的独特组合,分别靶向两个不同的检查点(PD-1和CTLA-4)以帮助破坏肿瘤细胞,两者具有潜在的协同作用机制:伊匹木单抗注射液能促进T细胞的激活和增殖,而纳武利尤单抗注射液帮助现有的T细胞识别肿瘤细胞。伊匹木单抗注射液激活的部分T细胞还可以分化为记忆T细胞,帮助实现长期的抗肿瘤免疫反应。

纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗注射液通过潜在的协同作用为晚期恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者带来显著且持久的总生存获益,使得“去化疗”成为可能。广东省人民医院终身主任、广东省肺癌研究所(GLCI)名誉所长吴一龙教授表示,在CheckMate-743研究中,纳武利尤单抗注射液(3mg/kg,每2周一次)联合伊匹木单抗注射液(1mg/kg,每6周一次)一线治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤的安全性特征与该联合治疗此前在其他瘤种研究中的安全性一致,包括肺癌一线双免疫治疗在内,实现了疗效和安全的平衡,预示着双免疫联合治疗在未来将有机会在不同瘤种中为中国患者带来获益。

百时美施贵宝中国大陆及香港地区总经理陈思渊女士表示,百时美施贵宝一直以来致力于加速全球创新药物落地中国。继在国内上市首个PD-1抑制剂’纳武利尤单抗注射液’后,百时美施贵宝再次将全球首个CTLA-4抑制剂’逸沃’带入中国,并不断通过科学改变患者的生命。未来,百时美施贵宝将继续探索免疫肿瘤治疗在不同瘤种中的应用,包括免疫联合治疗在内,以期为患者提供新的治疗选择。与此同时,我们将不断探索与中国政府、支付方及第三方机构的合作,通过创新的准入模式以及多元化的举措,共同提高双免疫治疗在国内的可及性。”

据悉,2015年10月,纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗注射液成为全球首个获得监管机构批准的免疫肿瘤联合治疗,目前已在全球超过50个国家和地区获批6个瘤种,涵盖肺癌、胸膜间皮瘤、黑色素瘤、肾癌、结直肠癌、肝癌。

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    2021-07-19 xzw113
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    2021-12-27 zxl738
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