Dev Cell:研究人员发现针对成神经管细胞瘤的希望之药

2015-03-27 Zhang JL译 MedSci原创

在波士顿Dana-Farber/儿童癌症和血液疾病中心的科学家们发现了一个与大脑的正常发育以及在许多情况下与成神经管细胞瘤的发展相关的关键蛋白质。成神经管细胞瘤是一种快速生长的脑部肿瘤,通常侵犯10岁以下的儿童。根据这一篇最新发表在Developmental Cell杂志上报道,当研究人员减少一种称为Eya1蛋白质的水平,减少了一半容易发生成神经管细胞瘤老鼠的发病率,并且这些动物死于这种疾病的风险

在波士顿Dana-Farber/儿童癌症和血液疾病中心的科学家们发现了一个与大脑的正常发育以及在许多情况下与成神经管细胞瘤的发展相关的关键蛋白质。成神经管细胞瘤是一种快速生长的脑部肿瘤,通常侵犯10岁以下的儿童。

根据这一篇最新发表在Developmental Cell杂志上报道,当研究人员减少一种称为Eya1蛋白质的水平,减少了一半容易发生成神经管细胞瘤老鼠的发病率,并且这些动物死于这种疾病的风险显著下降。该项研究结果指出Eya1能够作为这种类型的成神经管细胞瘤的药物新靶点,而且其他癌症的发展也遵循和共享相同的路径。

“成神经管细胞瘤约占儿童脑部肿瘤的18%,”这项研究的资深作者、波士顿Dana-Farber/儿童肿瘤医院Rosalind Segal博士说,“目前,60 - 70%的患者可以治愈,但其主要的治疗——手术、放疗、化疗,有明显的缺点。发展更有针对性的治疗能够极大的获益,因为可以攻击癌症的同时仅产生较为缓和的副作用。”

成神经管细胞瘤分为四个分子亚型。目前的研究主要集中在由Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)蛋白所介导的信号通路异常所引起的成神经管细胞瘤。

“这个Sonic Hedgehog亚型的成神经管细胞瘤约占全部成神经管细胞瘤的30%,” Segal说,“并且事实上,Shh通路在多达三分之一的人类癌症中被激活。尽管Shh信号显然在很多成神经管细胞瘤中发挥着关键作用,但其中操控肿瘤生长的具体基本机制尚未明确。”

这项新研究关注较少探究机制中的一个方面。正当许多研究集中在称为激酶的酶在癌症中的作用身上,却对激酶的生物伴侣——磷酸酶的作用不太重视。磷酸激酶能为蛋白添加磷酸基团,而磷酸酶则摘掉磷酸基团。激酶和磷酸酶通过红/绿灯机制对蛋白质活动进行调控:激酶一般激活蛋白,而磷酸酶则灭活蛋白。

为研究哪些磷酸酶在Shh信号通路中发挥的作用最为重要,该研究第一作者、Segal实验室的Adriana Eisner博士的测量了所有380种成神经管细胞瘤细胞中的与Shh通路相关的磷酸酯酶。Eya1非常引人注目,因为在肿瘤细胞中大量表达。

后续实验老鼠证实了Eya1在Shh信号通路中的关键作用,无论是在正常的大脑发育中还是成神经管细胞瘤的发生发展中。在小鼠胚胎中,大脑后面部分的发育是一个依赖Shh信号的过程,在缺乏Eya1时启动。在诱发成神经管细胞瘤的年轻小鼠中,减少Eya1一半的水平(通过取消基因的两个副本中的一个的蛋白质)引起疾病的死亡率大幅下降。通常,这些的动物死于成神经管细胞瘤的几率为35%。相比之下,降低Eya1后只有10%的小鼠死于这种疾病。

研究人员指出,Eya1能够作为靶向成神经管细胞瘤药物的潜在优势之一是其所属的磷酸酶亚家族只有四个成员。因此,靶向Eya1的药物只会干扰少数磷酸酶,尽可能减少副作用的严重程度。


原始出处:

Rosalind A. Segal et al. The Eya1 Phosphatase Promotes Shh Signaling during Hindbrain Development and Oncogenesis. Developmental Cell, March 2015 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.033

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    2015-11-01 fzwish20000
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    2015-05-24 ljjj1053

    不错,学习了

    0

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    2015-03-27 xiaoai5777

    对的好文章

    0

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