JACC:防痴呆吗?那就先降血压吧!

2021-03-23 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

痴呆是当今全球重要健康挑战,迄今未有逆转或治愈痴呆的有效策略。

痴呆是当今全球重要健康挑战,迄今未有逆转或治愈痴呆的有效策略。去年6月,复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科郁金泰教授发表在最新一期高血压领域顶级期刊《高血压》(Hypertension)杂志上的研究成果表明,血压与痴呆神经病理变化等相关。

研究人员发现,中年高血压会显著增加认知障碍的发生风险。当中年高血压患者收缩压超过130mmHg水平时,认知障碍风险显著上升。同时,晚年高收缩压、低舒张压、血压调节异常等都会增加认知障碍的发生风险。

其实,早在20多年前,有研究人员就观察到了降压治疗对预防最常见的痴呆——阿尔茨海默病(AD,老年痴呆)的发生风险的作用。然而,目前尚不清楚反映AD病理的途径在多大程度上受到高血压控制的影响。

最近,一项称为PESA的发表在《美国心脏病学会杂志》(JACC)上的研究对血管危险因素,尤其是血压对痴呆发生风险的影响进行了深入的探讨。该研究由西班牙国家心血管研究中心(CNIC)和巴塞罗那βeta脑研究中心(BBRC)的神经影像学专家合作开展。

本研究旨在确定心血管危险因素(CVRFs)和亚临床动脉硬化(SCAS)对脑代谢的影响。本研究试图确定中年无症状个体的脑代谢、亚临床动脉硬化和CVRFs之间的关联。

研究共纳入来自PESA试验中已被证明存在亚临床动脉硬化却尚无任何临床表现的547名中年参与者(50±4岁,82%为男性)。所有参与者进行了18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)-正电子发射断层扫描(PET-CT)。全局脑FDG摄取和体素分析用于评估脑代谢与CVRFs,三维血管超声评估颈动脉和股动脉粥样硬化斑块负担。

结果显示,全脑FDG摄取量与30年Framingham风险评分(FRS,代表心脏风险评分)呈负相关(β=-0.15),其中,这种关联主要由高血压的存在所驱动(d = 0.36)。即使调整了30年FRS,颈动脉斑块负担与全脑FDG摄取减少仍成反比(β = -0.16)。

进一步使用体素分析显示,与30年FRS、高血压和颈动脉斑块负担相关的受高代谢影响最强烈的脑区是颞旁区(角、上边缘和下/中颞回)和扣带回。

研究人员指出,该结果提示,即使在没有临床症状表现时,动脉后样硬化和CVRFs,尤其是高血压已经影响了大脑的代谢。同时,存在较多CVRFs的受试者大脑低代谢区域与AD患者受影响的脑域几乎一致,提示这类人群痴呆风险增加。

综上,在尚无症状的中年人中,心血管风险与脑代谢低下有关,其中高血压是可改变的CVRF中与认知下降关联最强的因素。这些数据再次强调了在生命早期控制CVRFs的必要性,以便更好保护未来的认知功能。

 

参考文献:

Cortes-Canteli M, et al. Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Brain Metabolism in Middle-Aged Individuals: The PESA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Feb 23;77(7):888-898. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.027.

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    2022-02-12 hbwxf
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    2021-03-27 ms4000000246031813

    Good

    0

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    2021-03-24 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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