Acta Neuropathologica:神经元网络过度兴奋驱动阿尔茨海默病的新机制

2022-08-06 KK(brainnews创作团队) brainnew神内神外

LAMP5可以抑制神经元网络的过度兴奋,AD以及FTLD当中也存在着LAMP5的缺失,或许可以通过靶向LAMP5来延缓甚至治疗AD以及FTLD。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆类型,淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积和神经原纤维缠节(tau)是其主要病变。近年来的研究显示,神经元网络过度兴奋可能也是导致AD的病变机制,然而AD中介导神经元网络功能障碍的细胞事件尚不清楚。

Lars I教授团队针对上述问题进行了相关的研究,并将其成果“Loss of LAMP5 interneurons drives neuronal network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease”于2022年7月发表于Acta Neuropathologica 杂志。

LAMP5限制了体内神经元的过度兴奋

该团队利用协同交叉正向遗传学小鼠平台,对58个品系小鼠(每种至少10只)注射戊四唑以诱导神经兴奋性增高从而产生癫痫发作症状,根据癫痫发作产生的强度和持续时间进行分类,之后再根据平均癫痫发作严重程度进行遗传筛选定位相关的基因位点,发现了相关的基因LAMP5(图1.a-c)。

之后用CRISPR/Cas9产生C57Bl/6背景的LAMP5缺失的小鼠(Lamp5Δ/Δ),发现LAMP5越多,癫痫发作的强度越低,持续时间越短(图1.d-e)。

图1. LAMP5可以限制神经元过度兴奋

AD患者脑内以及AD模型小鼠中

LAMP5中间神经元缺失

筛选出LAMP5基因之后,该团队检测了AD患者,正常对照组以及tau-only 额颞叶痴呆(FTLD-tau)患者的额叶和海马组织的LAMP5表达,发现AD和FTLD-tau中LAMP5表达较正常对照组显著降低(图2.a,b)。

图2.人类AD和FTLD患者中LAMP5缺失

之后,在AD模型小鼠(APP23、APP/PS1),FTLD模型小鼠(TAU58)中也发现LAMP5较对照组显著降低(图3.a)。此外,APP23/tau−/−也出现了LAMP5的减少,说明Aβ导致的LAMP5减少并不是tau依赖的。

为了确保LAMP5表达降低确实是LAMP5+抑制性中间神经元的缺失导致的,该团队将编码pLamp5-绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的腺相关病毒(AAV)注射到Lamp5Δ/Δ和Lamp5+/+新生鼠中,追踪LAMP5+神经元的荧光信号,确定了LAMP5的缺失确实是LAMP5+中间神经元减少导致的(图3.b)。

图3. AD和FTLD小鼠模型中LAMP5缺失

LAMP5的减少会加剧APP23小鼠的缺陷

之后,该团队将APP23小鼠和LAMP5Δ/Δ小鼠杂交,产生APP23/Lamp5+/+,APP23/Lamp5Δ/+,以及APP23/Lamp5Δ/Δ小鼠,使其进行旷场实验(2月龄)和水迷宫实验(12月龄)结果显示,12月龄的APP23/Lamp5Δ/+的记忆功能较APP23/Lamp5+/+小鼠明显降低(由于APP23/Lamp5Δ/Δ的早期致死率过高,因而无法与12月龄的APP23/Lamp5Δ/Δ比较)(图4.a-c)。

在旷场实验中发现,2月龄的APP23小鼠相对WT小鼠,其神经兴奋性会明显上升,而APP23/Lamp5Δ/Δ以及APP23/Lamp5Δ/+小鼠的兴奋性则比APP23小鼠更高,其脑电图(EEG)也发现APP23/Lamp5Δ/Δ以及APP23/Lamp5Δ/+小鼠的自发放电和放电簇会更多。此外,与记忆相关的θ/γ交叉频率偶联(CFC)在APP23/Lamp5Δ/Δ以及APP23/Lamp5Δ/+小鼠中也更少(图4.d,e)。

图4. LAMP5的减少加剧了AD小鼠的缺陷

LAMP5减少加剧了TAU58小鼠的损伤

上述已经确定了FTLD患者和FTLD模型小鼠中存在LAMP5+中间神经元的缺失,该团队进一步探究LAMP5是否会影响tau的病变,结果显示,在3月龄TAU58(P301S突变)小鼠中,其皮层LAMP5+神经元中存在磷酸化tau(图5.a)。

之后将Lamp5Δ/Δ小鼠与TAU58小鼠杂交,产生TAU58/Lamp5Δ/Δ,TAU58/Lamp5Δ/+以及TAU58/Lamp5+/+小鼠,同时也进行上述APP小鼠的行为学实验,发现LAMP5缺失并不会影响后代小鼠的tau的病理以及其小鼠的存活,但是TAU58/Lamp5Δ/Δ小鼠的学习能力会比TAU58/Lamp5Δ/+ 以及TAU58/Lamp5+/+小鼠更差(图5.b-c),且EEG也显示,TAU58/Lamp5Δ/Δ小鼠会出现更多的自发放电,神经元兴奋性明显升高,CFC也会出现明显的损伤(图5.d-e)。

图5. LAMP5减少加重了P301S tau转基因小鼠的损伤

结 论

LAMP5可以抑制神经元网络的过度兴奋,AD以及FTLD当中也存在着LAMP5的缺失,或许可以通过靶向LAMP5来延缓甚至治疗AD以及FTLD。

参考文献

Deng, et al. Loss of LAMP5 interneurons drives neuronal network dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02457-w.  

编译作者:KK(brainnews创作团队)

校审:Simon(brainnews编辑部)

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    2022-09-01 windight
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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1818247, encodeId=029e181824e66, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c9f9e777ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97777, encryptionId=4c9f9e777ac, topicName=阿尔茨海)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Feb 07 03:13:39 CST 2023, time=2023-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984367, encodeId=435c198436e89, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57689399526' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#过度兴奋#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93995, encryptionId=57689399526, topicName=过度兴奋)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b73f484, createdName=lsj628, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 09:13:39 CST 2023, time=2023-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1850176, encodeId=837f18501e6b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61815385aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CTA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5385, encryptionId=61815385aa, topicName=CTA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec9955, createdName=windight, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 05:13:39 CST 2022, time=2022-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786734, encodeId=88b91e8673496, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c5d13e9171' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#pathologic#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13791, encryptionId=1c5d13e9171, topicName=pathologic)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0cd7162, createdName=nakerunner, createdTime=Mon May 15 16:13:39 CST 2023, time=2023-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1817224, encodeId=0ee6181e22410, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=17b59e77626' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97776, encryptionId=17b59e77626, topicName=阿尔茨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Bnia2EtH2IvyBtniaWHPQOYAicsN3IAL1ZuPV7qyALcdCiawRJdEiafMxWTxzERQW7eeKg8HfCKCRK2CJicy073C4RJg/132, createdBy=464b2500186, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Wed Nov 16 07:13:39 CST 2022, time=2022-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1236910, encodeId=096d123691064, content=认真学习~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cfb41991958, createdName=xulv123, createdTime=Sat Aug 06 11:30:33 CST 2022, time=2022-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1470594, encodeId=8d5814e0594c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45a79e7788c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔茨海默#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97778, encryptionId=45a79e7788c, topicName=阿尔茨海默)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Sat Aug 06 07:13:39 CST 2022, time=2022-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786459, encodeId=202e1e864594c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=569f13e9045' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pathol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13790, encryptionId=569f13e9045, topicName=Pathol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 18:13:39 CST 2022, time=2022-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-06 xulv123

    认真学习~~

    0

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    2022-10-04 yb6560

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