bioRxiv:猫比狗更易感新冠病毒,宠物是否需要进行新冠病毒检测?

2020-04-08 生物探索 生物探索

新冠病毒在雪貂和猫中复制效率很高,而在狗、猪、鸡和鸭中复制能力微弱。

近日,据媒体报道,来自比利时列日市的一只猫在其主人确诊新冠肺炎后,其新冠病毒检测结果呈阳性。这是首例已知的猫感染病例。随着新冠病毒在全球范围内迅速传播,一些人对它是否在宠物和人之间传播感到担忧。

3月31日,中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所陈化兰院士团队发表在预印本平台(未经同行评审)bioRxiv上的一项研究表示,新冠病毒在雪貂和猫中复制效率很高,而在狗、猪、鸡和鸭中复制能力微弱,此外还发现新冠病毒可以通过呼吸道飞沫在猫之间传播。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.015347

看到这里,铲屎官们先不要慌。《Nature》杂志上的一篇报道中,俄亥俄州的病毒学家Linda Saif表示:这些结果是基于实验室实验得出的,在该实验中,有意向少量动物施用了高剂量的SARS-CoV-2病毒,并不代表人与宠物之间的真实互动。没有直接证据表明被感染的猫分泌了足够的冠状病毒以将其传播给人类。Linda Saif的看法无疑给诸多铲屎官注入了强心剂。

目前全球范围内,新冠病毒(SARS-COV-2)从人类传播到动物的案例是极少的。迄今为止,只报道了3例宠物被人类传染新冠病毒的案例。包括香港的2只狗和比利时的1只猫。

此前,《Science》杂志就宠物是否需要进行冠状病毒检测进行了报道。文中指出,与人类总数相比,宠物被诊断出COVID-19的数量少之又少。包括美国疾病控制与预防中心在内的专家们强调,目前没有证据表明宠物可以传播COVID-19,没有理由根据现有的信息认为宠物可能是感染源。

当然,华盛顿动物疾病诊断实验室(WADDL)应要求也为宠物开发了针对新冠病毒的检测。其原理与人类测试类似:使用聚合酶链反应(PCR)从病毒中扩增RNA。世界卫生组织已经批准了这种诊断方法。

话说回来,3只SARS-COV-2呈阳性的宠物就要触发警报?纽约生态健康联盟(EcoHealth Alliance)科学与推广副总裁JonathanEpstein表示要拎得清当前的重点,应该是放在人与人之间的传播上,那才是导致疫情流行的根本原因。

美国农业部也上周发布了声明,警告不要进行宠物检测。没有流程就匆忙进行测试,只会造成焦虑和恐惧。声明中表示:“目前,只有在动物和公共卫生官员同意由于与已知的人类COVID-19病例有关的情况下,才对其宠物进行测试。不会对一般的宠物进行检测。”

那些含泪要送走“小可爱”的铲屎官们先放宽心。美国国家动物保护委员会说了,宠物不是流行病的媒介,因此没有必要放弃宠物。但是建议抚摸宠物前后要洗手,并且不要用鼻子去触碰宠物。美国疾病预防控制中心也建议,患有COVID-19的人应限制与宠物的接触,包括避免抚摸、舔舔和分享食物。

原始出处:

Jianzhong Shi, Zhiyuan Wen, Gongxun Zhong, et al. Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and different domestic animals to SARS-coronavirus-2. bioRxiv, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.015347.

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    2020-07-19 sunylz
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    2020-04-09 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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