AJPM：美国人自杀率逐年上升
2012-11-29 AJPM AJPM
近日在《美国预防医学杂志》12月刊上发表了约翰·霍普金斯Bloomberg公共卫生学院的研究者发现，美国人总自杀率在2000-2010年间上升了16%，而且以上吊和窒息的方式自杀的45-59岁美国中年人数量急剧增加达1倍以上。 在美国，自杀已超过车祸，成为伤害致死的首要原因。但既往
近日在《美国预防医学杂志》12月刊上发表了约翰·霍普金斯Bloomberg公共卫生学院的研究者发现，美国人总自杀率在2000-2010年间上升了16%，而且以上吊和窒息的方式自杀的45-59岁美国中年人数量急剧增加达1倍以上。
在美国，自杀已超过车祸，成为伤害致死的首要原因。但既往研究并未考察自杀的方式以及年龄、社会影响等细节。因此，研究者利用疾病预防控制中心(CDC)基于网络的伤害统计询问与报告系统(WISQARS)中的数据，评估了2000-2010年间的自杀率变化。这项研究中所用的非致死性自杀数据来源于全国伤害电子监测系统(NEISS)，后者每年采集约50万例伤害相关性急诊病例的数据。
结果显示，2010年全美共报告38,364例自杀，自杀率为12.1例/10万人。而2000年的自杀率为10.4例/10万人。这一增长主要源于上吊和窒息自杀数量的增加，后者所占比例由2000年的19%增至2010年的26%。“总体而言，枪击、上吊/窒息和服毒在所有自杀中占93%。”服毒所占比例由16%略增至17%，而枪击所占比例由56%降至50%。上吊和窒息自杀的数量在所有其他年龄组中均持续增加，唯一的例外是年龄≥70岁组，后者的总自杀率轻微下降了8%。在60-69岁老年人中，服毒自杀数量增加了85%。
2000年与2010年，各年龄组的上吊/窒息自杀所占比例变化如下：总体，增加52%；15-24岁组，增加44%；25-44岁组，增加47%；45-59岁组，增加104%；60-69岁组，增加77%；≥70岁组，降低13%。在窒息自杀中，最常见的方式是上吊，但也有部分死者死于塑料袋套头。
女性的自杀率比男性增长更快。白人、亚裔和印第安人的自杀率均上升，而黑人自杀率下降。在自杀致死率方面，上吊/窒息与枪击相似，均为69%-84%。例如2010年，枪击自杀致死率为81%，上吊/窒息自杀致死率为75%，而服毒自杀致死率仅为2%。
研究者指出，早在经济衰退之前自杀率就已开始上扬，但自2005年以来上升速度进一步加快。他们认为：“以上吊/窒息和服毒方式自杀者的数量明显增加，应引起政策制定者的重视。”他们还呼吁改进自杀预防措施，建议针对住院患者采取以下上吊预防措施：给壁柜安装阻拦条、降低锚点的高度、增强对危险征兆的意识。
作者披露称无相关利益冲突。
Increase in Suicide by Hanging/Suffocation in the U.S., 2000–2010（原文）
Background:
Recently, suicide exceeded motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of injury death in the U.S. However, details of this change in suicide methods and the relationship to individual demographics, such as age and societal influences, have not been reported.
Purpose:
To determine the characteristics of the changes in suicide rates between 2000 and 2010.
Methods:
Data came from CDC’s Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System
(WISQARS™). Line charts were plotted to reveal changes in suicide rates by firearm, poisoning, and hanging/suffocation (ICD-10 codes: X72–X74, X60 –X69, and X70). The measure of change used is the percentage change in suicide rate between 2000 and 2010.
Results:
The overall suicide rate increased from 10.4 to 12.1 per 100,000 population between 2000 and 2010, a 16% increase. The majority of the increase was attributable to suicide by hanging/suffocation (52%) and by poisoning (19%). Subgroup analysis showed: (1) suicide by hanging/suffocation increased by 104% among those aged 45–59 years and rose steadily in all age groups except those aged 70 years; (2) the largest increase in suicide by poisoning (85%) occurred among those aged 60 –69 years; and (3) suicide by firearm decreased by 24% among those aged 15–24 years but increased by 22% among those aged 45–59 years. The case fatality rates for suicide by hanging/suffocation during 2000 –2010 ranged from 69% to 84%, close to those for suicide by firearm. Analyses were conducted in 2012.
Conclusions:
Substantial increases in suicide by hanging/suffocation and poisoning merit attention from policymakers and call for innovations and changes in suicide prevention approaches.
(Am J Prev Med 2013;xx(x):xxx) © 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Increase in Suicide by Hanging/Suffocation in the U.S., 2000–2010（原文）
Background:
Recently, suicide exceeded motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of injury death in the U.S. However, details of this change in suicide methods and the relationship to individual demographics, such as age and societal influences, have not been reported.
Purpose:
To determine the characteristics of the changes in suicide rates between 2000 and 2010.
Methods:
Data came from CDC’s Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System
(WISQARS™). Line charts were plotted to reveal changes in suicide rates by firearm, poisoning, and hanging/suffocation (ICD-10 codes: X72–X74, X60 –X69, and X70). The measure of change used is the percentage change in suicide rate between 2000 and 2010.
Results:
The overall suicide rate increased from 10.4 to 12.1 per 100,000 population between 2000 and 2010, a 16% increase. The majority of the increase was attributable to suicide by hanging/suffocation (52%) and by poisoning (19%). Subgroup analysis showed: (1) suicide by hanging/suffocation increased by 104% among those aged 45–59 years and rose steadily in all age groups except those aged 70 years; (2) the largest increase in suicide by poisoning (85%) occurred among those aged 60 –69 years; and (3) suicide by firearm decreased by 24% among those aged 15–24 years but increased by 22% among those aged 45–59 years. The case fatality rates for suicide by hanging/suffocation during 2000 –2010 ranged from 69% to 84%, close to those for suicide by firearm. Analyses were conducted in 2012.
Conclusions:
Substantial increases in suicide by hanging/suffocation and poisoning merit attention from policymakers and call for innovations and changes in suicide prevention approaches.
(Am J Prev Med 2013;xx(x):xxx) © 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
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本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料，版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权，任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载，授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章，或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章，仅系出于传递更多信息之目的，本站仅负责审核内容合规，其内容不代表本站立场，本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。
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#美国人#
25
#自杀率#
30