Neurology:双联抗血小板治疗2周后应该更换为联合西洛他唑的双抗?

2022-04-14 杨中华 “脑血管病及重症文献导读”公众号

与阿司匹林(ASA)单药相比,使用阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷(ASA+CLO)的双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT)降低了轻度缺血性卒中或高危TIA后早期复发卒中的风险,但第一个月后DAPT对卒中风险降低的影响逐渐

与阿司匹林(ASA)单药相比,使用阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷(ASA+CLO)的双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT)降低了轻度缺血性卒中或高危TIA后早期复发卒中的风险,但第一个月后DAPT对卒中风险降低的影响逐渐减弱,并且从此开始也会增加大出血的风险(vs ASA)。一项荟萃分析显示,DAPT也就是ASA+CLO,大部分在发病24h内开始治疗,可以显着降低了3个月内复发性缺血性卒中的风险,但显着增加了发病1个月后大出血的风险。在THALES研究中,与单独使用阿司匹林相比,早期使用DAPT(ASA联合替格瑞洛,服用30天)可以显着降低卒中或死亡的复合风险,但会增加了严重出血。此外,DAPT服用>=2个月的作用还没有被研究。

另一种DAPT是以西洛他唑(CLZ)为主的双联抗血小板策略,CLZ为磷酸二酯酶3抑制剂,可以联合阿司匹林(CLZ+ASA)也可以联合氯吡格雷(CLZ+CLO)。在CSPS.com试验中,高风险患者经过长达平均1.4年的长期DAPT治疗,与单独使用ASA或CLO相比这种联合DAPT方案能够降低复发性缺血性卒中的风险,而严重或威胁生命出血的风险相当。如果在卒中发病后1个月内开始使用含西洛他唑的DAPT方案是有效的,那么把ASA或CLO换成CLZ,并且从发病后不久持续DAPT治疗数年,这可能是一种有希望的方案。

2022年3月来自日本的Kazunori Toyoda等在Neurology上公布了CSPS.com试验的事后分析结果,目的是确定与单药相比DAPT(西洛他唑联合阿司匹林或氯吡格雷)双药治疗的疗效是否会因开始用药的时间不同而不同。

CSPS.com试验是一项随机对照试验,纳入了卒中发病后8至180天的患者,随机分配接受阿司匹林或氯吡格雷单独治疗,或西洛他唑联合阿司匹林或氯吡格雷治疗。在本子研究中,根据开始试验治疗的时间,分为3组:卒中后8-14天(8-14天组)、卒中后15-28天(15-28天组)和卒中后29-180天(29-180天组)。主要疗效结局是首次缺血性卒中复发。安全性结局包括严重或危及生命的出血。

在1879例患者中,498例属于8-14天组,467例属于15-28天组,914例属于29-180天组。

对于复发性缺血性卒中,在试验治疗组和三分组之间存在显着的treatment-by-subgroup交互作用。在15-28天组(年化率分别为1.5%和4.9%;aHR 0.34[95%CI 0.12-0.95])和29-180天组(分别为1.9%和4.4%;aHR 0.27[0.12-0.63]),DAPT复发性缺血性卒中发生率更低(vs 单药组);而在8-14天组(两者的年化率分别为4.5%和1.02[0.51-2.04]),DAPT复发性缺血性卒中发生率与单药相似。在任何三分组中,DAPT和单药的严重或危及生命出血的发生率相似。

最终作者认为,与卒中后8-14天开始启动DAPT(含西洛他唑)相比,发病后15-180天开始长期DAPT(含西洛他唑)策略在卒中二级预防方面更加有效(vs 单药),并且未增加出血的风险

原始出处:

Kazunori Toyoda, Katsuhiro Omae, Haruhiko Hoshino, et al. Association of Timing for Starting Dual Antiplatelet Treatment With Cilostazol and Recurrent Stroke: A CSPS.com Trial Post Hoc Analysis. Neurology. 2022 Mar 8;98(10):e983-e992. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200064. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

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