Nat Commun:低谷蛋白饮食改变人体微生物组

2018-11-15 小通 生物通

一项新研究发现,采用低谷蛋白饮食可适度改变人体肠道中细菌种类的成分。这一结果表明,低谷蛋白饮食带来的一些积极效果,例如饭后腹胀减少,可能是饮食引起的肠道微生物组变化的结果。


一项新研究发现,采用低谷蛋白饮食可适度改变人体肠道中细菌种类的成分。这一结果表明,低谷蛋白饮食带来的一些积极效果,例如饭后腹胀减少,可能是饮食引起的肠道微生物组变化的结果。

这一研究成果公布在Nature Communications杂志上,这一项随机对照试验指出肠道细菌丰度的变化,可能并不是因为谷蛋白本身减少了。

所谓低谷蛋白饮食,顾名思义就是摄入较少的谷蛋白,谷蛋白是谷类食物蛋白质的统称,存在于各种谷物中。国际认证营养师Ashley Koff用BROW(大麦、黑麦、燕麦、小麦)帮助人们记住谷蛋白存在于哪里。含谷蛋白的常见食物有:面包、曲奇、薄饼干、蛋糕混合料、麦片、意大利通心粉、肉汤等。

一些人爱吃曲奇、麦片、通心粉,但其中含有的谷蛋白会引起自身免疫系统紊乱,导致了腹腔疾病。腹腔疾病的人吃了含谷蛋白的食物后,体内免疫系统会使小肠受到侵害,导致身体吸收养分的能力减弱,并引起疲劳、体重下降、腹痛腹胀、便秘、腹泻。

在最新研究中,丹麦的研究人员招募了60名中年健康成年人。参与者遵循专业饮食八周:低筋面粉(每天2克)或高筋面粉(每天12克)。

研究人员对参与者的微生物组成组成的分析表明,在整个微生物组发现的数百种细菌物种中,有14种在低谷蛋白饮食的反应中始终发生了相对丰度的变化。例如,在哺乳动物中普遍存在的四种双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)会出现减少,而梭菌属(Clostridiales)中的一种未鉴定物种的数量增则加。

研究人员没有观察到参与者的血细胞计数和肠道通透性标志物的任何变化,但是,低谷蛋白饮食确实导致自我腹胀的改善。

作者指出,就像普通人群一样,在试验中遵循低谷蛋白饮食的人用其他膳食纤维来代替谷物产品。因此结果可能不归因于麸质本身。

“结肠微生物组成和发酵的变化表明,低谷蛋白饮食对健康中年人的影响可能在某种程度上受到膳食纤维质量变化的影响,因为减少富含麸质的食物而不是减少谷蛋白摄入量本身,“作者写道。

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    2019-08-29 liye789132251
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    2019-02-19 liuli5079
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