JAMA Cardiology:新发现:AI可检测被忽视的心脏病,不仅更早,还比医生更精准

2022-02-28 陈博文 “ 深究科学”公众号

首次研发了一种人工智能工具,其作用在于可以有效地识别和区分两种经常被忽视、但却能危及生命的心脏疾病:肥厚性心肌病和心脏淀粉样变性。

新的人工智能系统可以检测到经常被忽视的心脏病

近日,位于西达赛奈医疗中心的斯密特心脏研究所(Smidt Heart Institute)的医生和科学家在JAMA Cardiology上发表文章称,他们首次研发了一种人工智能工具,其作用在于可以有效地识别和区分两种经常被忽视、但却能危及生命的心脏疾病:肥厚性心肌病和心脏淀粉样变性。

心脏淀粉样变性,通常被称为“心脏硬化综合征”,是一种由心脏组织中异常蛋白沉积引起的疾病。随着淀粉样蛋白的积累,它取代了健康的心肌,使心脏难以正常工作,因为患者可能没有或偶尔出现症状,它很难被发现。

肥厚性心肌病是一种导致心肌增厚和变硬的疾病。它的症状通常表现为心脏不能放松和充血,进而导致心脏瓣膜受损,肺部积液和心律失常。

“这两种心脏疾病甚至对心脏病专家来说都是一项挑战,患者在得到正确诊断前往往要经历几年甚至几十年的时间,”医学博士David Ouyang说,他是斯密特心脏研究所的心脏病专家,也是该研究的资深作者,“我们的人工智能算法可以查明肉眼看不到的疾病,然后利用这些模式预测正确的诊断。”

人工智能检测心脏疾病原理

新算法应用于34000多个心脏超声视频。针对这些临床图像,该算法识别出了与心脏壁厚度和心室大小相关的特定特征,从而有效地将某些患者标记为患有潜在的未被识别的心脏疾病的可疑患者。

“新算法比训练有素的临床专家的眼睛更能准确地识别出高风险患者。” Ouyang表示,“这是因为算法从超声波视频中提取出微妙的线索,从而将其与通常看起来非常相似的良性心脏状况区分开来。”

心脏病学家曾经提过,如果不进行全面的测试,很难区分相似的疾病状况、探查出心脏形状和大小的异常变化,这些变化有时会被认为是正常衰老的一部分——心脏淀粉样变和肥厚性心肌病虽然是两种不同的疾病,但在超声心动图上看起来很相似。

在疾病的早期阶段,这两种心脏疾病甚至可以模仿正常心脏的外观,并随着年龄的增长改变其大小和形状。而这种算法能区分出潜在的危及生命的心脏疾病,在疾病发展到可能影响健康的程度之前,及时发出预警信号。

Ouyang说,他们希望这项技术能够在患者病程的早期就被用来识别它们,因为想要让病人从现有的治疗中获得最大的好处,病症无疑是确认得越早越好,这可以非常有效地防止最坏的可能结果,如心脏衰竭、住院治疗和猝死。

原始出处:

Duffy G , Cheng P P , Yuan N , et al. High-Throughput Precision Phenotyping of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy with Cardiovascular Deep Learning[J]. JAMA Cardiology, 2022.

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    2022-04-17 T2DM终结者

    0

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    2022-02-28 陈昶

    学习了,非常棒

    0

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