Cell: TNF-α诱导的细胞坏死信号传导通路中MLKL发挥关键作用

2012-01-22 MedSci MedSci原创

  北京生命科学研究所是国内生命科学领域的著名研究机构,执掌其帅印的是享有国际声誉的王晓东教授,其在细胞凋亡,特别是引导癌细胞凋亡治疗癌症等方面的研究走在国际最前沿,是该领域的著名科学家。最新一期(1月20日)的Cell杂志上,王晓东研究组同期发表了两篇文章阐述有关TNF-α诱导的细胞坏死信号传导通路中新的发现。     与人们早期的认识不同,现在细胞坏死被认为是哺

  北京生命科学研究所是国内生命科学领域的著名研究机构,执掌其帅印的是享有国际声誉的王晓东教授,其在细胞凋亡,特别是引导癌细胞凋亡治疗癌症等方面的研究走在国际最前沿,是该领域的著名科学家。最新一期(1月20日)的Cell杂志上,王晓东研究组同期发表了两篇文章阐述有关TNF-α诱导的细胞坏死信号传导通路中新的发现。

    与人们早期的认识不同,现在细胞坏死被认为是哺乳动物的发育和生理过程的重要组成部分。此外,细胞坏死还参与了人类的多种病理过程,如急性组织损伤以及许多免疫性疾病。许多研究结果显示细胞坏死是由复杂的分子信号通路所执行的。

    在之前的研究中王晓东实验室曾证实除RIP1以外,RIP3的激酶活性是肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α诱导的细胞坏死过程中不可或缺的。当细胞坏死被诱导之后,RIP1、RIP3相互结合形成一个信号复合体,被称作“necrosome”。这一特殊的信号复合体怎样把坏死的信号传递下去并不清楚。

    在新文章中,研究人员揭示了一个名叫MLKL的蛋白在细胞坏死中起着关键性作用。这是有关这一蛋白研究的第一篇文章。他们证实在RIP3介导的细胞坏死信号通路中,MLKL扮演着RIP3激酶其中一个底物的角色。与此同时,他们还筛选得到一个抑制细胞坏死的小分子化合物,通过特异识别MLKL阻止坏死信号的传导。另外,MLKL将“necrosome”与线粒体磷酸酶PGAM5相联系起来。PGAM5的激活可以导致成串排列的线粒体发生线性断裂,这一现象在细胞坏死发生的早期起到了非常重要的作用。更有趣的是,PGAM5在多种原因造成的细胞坏死通路中占据枢纽的作用,参与例如氧自由基的过量增长和钙离子的过度渗漏等引起的细胞坏死。他们的工作呈现给我们有关细胞坏死更加详细的分子机制,并将细胞坏死与线粒体的故障联系了起来。这对于我们设计并开发针对细胞坏死相关疾病的药物起到了极大的提示和推动作用。

    这项研究获得了科技部863(2008AA022318)和973(2010CB835400)项目和北京市科委,以及霍华德休斯医学研究所和美国国家肿瘤研究所(NCI)(PO1 CA95471)的资助。

原文摘要:

Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Mediates Necrosis Signaling Downstream of RIP3 Kinase.Cell, Volume 148, Issue 1, 213-227, 20 January 2012

The receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIP3) is a key signaling molecule in the programmed necrosis (necroptosis) pathway. This pathway plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including development, tissue damage response, and antiviral immunity. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule called (E)-N-(4-(N-(3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamidehereafter referred to as necrosulfonamidethat specifically blocks necrosis downstream of RIP3 activation. An affinity probe derived from necrosulfonamide and coimmunoprecipitation using anti-RIP3 antibodies both identified the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) as the interacting target. MLKL was phosphorylated by RIP3 at the threonine 357 and serine 358 residues, and these phosphorylation events were critical for necrosis. Treating cells with necrosulfonamide or knocking down MLKL expression arrested necrosis at a specific step at which RIP3 formed discrete punctae in cells. These findings implicate MLKL as a key mediator of necrosis signaling downstream of the kinase RIP3.

The Mitochondrial Phosphatase PGAM5 Functions at the Convergence Point of Multiple Necrotic Death Pathways.Cell, Volume 148, Issue 1, 228-243, 20 January 2012

The programmed necrosis induced by TNF-α requires the activities of the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinases RIP1 and RIP3 and their interaction with the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein MLKL. We report the identification of RIP1- and RIP3-containing protein complexes that form specifically in response to necrosis induction. One component of these complexes is the mitochondrial protein phosphatase PGAM5, which presents as two splice variants, PGAM5L (long form) and PGAM5S (short form). Knockdown of either form attenuated necrosis induced by TNF-α as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ionophore, whereas knockdown of RIP3 and MLKL blocked only TNF-α-mediated necrosis. Upon necrosis induction, PGAM5S recruited the mitochondrial fission factor Drp1 and activated its GTPase activity by dephosphorylating the serine 637 site of Drp1. Drp1 activation caused mitochondrial fragmentation, an early and obligatory step for necrosis execution. These data defined PGAM5 as the convergent point for multiple necrosis pathways.

作者简介:

王晓东 博士
北京生命科学研究所资深研究员
美国国家科学院院士
霍华德-休斯医学研究所研究员
美国得克萨斯大学西南医学中心生化系教授,讲席教授

教育经历
1984  北京师范大学生物系学士
1991  美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心生物化学博士

工作经历
2004   获美国科学院分子生物学奖,并当选美国国家科学院院士
2003-  北京生命科学研究所资深研究员
2002-  霍华德-休斯医学研究所研究员
2001-  美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心生物医学科学杰出首席教授
1999-2001  美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心生物化学系副教授
1997-2002  霍华德-休斯医学研究所助理研究员
1996-1999  美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心生物化学系助理教授
1995-1996  Emory大学医学院生物化学系助理教授,从事哺乳动物细胞凋亡的生物化学途径的研究
1991-1995  美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心Joseph L. Goldstein and Michael S. Brown实验室进行博士后训练,从事基因表达的胆固醇调节的研究
1986-1991  美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心师从Richard A. Padgett攻读博士学位,从事研究哺乳动物前信使mRNA剪切的研究
1984-1985  北京师范大学师从薛绍白教授撰写学士论文,研究哺乳动物细胞周期调控

研究概述
我们的研究目标是在分子水平上理解细胞凋亡── 一种细胞内固有的自身消亡的生化过程。同时,我们还希望在人类疾病如癌症中精确地找到这一基础生化过程的缺陷,并根据我们从研究中获得的信息来设计相应的治疗策略。
我们在研究中运用了多种实验方法,涵盖了生物化学、分子生物学、细胞生物学的最新技术。同时,我们和其他的实验室也有非常活跃的合作,合作领域涉及线虫、小鼠等模式系统的遗传学,包括X-射线结晶学、电子显微镜的结构生物学,以及高通量筛选化合物库及化学合成的化学生物学。我们计划在NIBS建立这些技术并使这些技术能为所有NIBS的实验室利用。 在NIBS的实验室将继续研究细胞凋亡的生化途径。同时,我们将研究RNA干扰(RNAi)的生化机制及其在哺乳动物系统中的生物学功能。

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    2012-09-08 维他命
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    2012-12-22 huperzia
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    2012-01-24 millore
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    2012-01-24 snowpeakxu