Nature Genetics :发现了导致儿童肿瘤新的遗传原因

2017-05-30 MedSci medicalxpress

科学家已经确定了引起威尔姆斯氏肿瘤的儿童肾脏肿瘤的突变基因。研究表明,控制细胞中染色体数目的失控会导致癌症。研究人员对一种罕见的遗传综合症的家族进行了研究,该综合征被称为"马赛克斑变异体"(MVA),他们试图从中鉴定出可能与威尔姆斯氏肿瘤相关的突变。具有MVA的个体细胞中染色体数目异常-- 一些具有太多的染色体,而其他的染色体数量太少。 这被称为非整倍体。使用外显子测序的技术对20个具有MVA的家

科学家已经确定了引起威尔姆斯氏肿瘤的儿童肾脏肿瘤的突变基因。

研究表明,控制细胞中染色体数目的失控会导致癌症。

研究人员对一种罕见的遗传综合症的家族进行了研究,该综合征被称为"马赛克斑变异体"(MVA),他们试图从中鉴定出可能与威尔姆斯氏肿瘤相关的突变。

具有MVA的个体细胞中染色体数目异常-- 一些具有太多的染色体,而其他的染色体数量太少。 这被称为非整倍体。

使用外显子测序的技术对20个具有MVA的家族基因进行了分析。 结果发现了TRIP13的基因突变。

威尔姆斯氏肿瘤是一种主要发生在儿童中的肾脏肿瘤。大约有1万名儿童受影响,但幸运的是在90%的病例中可治愈。

TRIP13基因是一种重要的编码蛋白,在细胞分裂期间,确保正确数量的染色体进入每个细胞中。非整倍体是癌症的标志,所以毫不奇怪,MVA患有癌症的风险。

然而,研究发现并非所有MVA儿童都处于高风险状态。那些含有TRIP13突变和另一种以前识别的BUB1B突变的具有高患病风险。但由于其他原因患有MVA的儿童不会发生癌变。

这说明基因突变是导致非整倍性的潜在机制,这可能对理解癌症风险很重要,而不仅仅是在细胞中有错误的染色体数目。这是一个重要的发展,为癌症的基础生物学提供有价值的信息。

该研究的负责人、伦敦癌症研究所高级研究员纳斯内·拉赫曼教授说,"这项研究已经直接用于为家长解释孩子形成癌症的原因,以及其他儿童患癌的风险,这是很有用的。"

"同样重要的是,这项研究提供了关于非整倍体和癌症如何联系的新信息--这个话题已经被热烈争论和深入研究了几十年。"

原文出处: Shawn Yost et al. Biallelic TRIP13 mutations predispose to Wilms tumor and chromosome missegregation, Nature Genetics (2017).

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    2018-01-27 liye789132251
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    2017-09-01 canlab
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    2017-07-09 cy0324
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    2017-07-17 huperzia

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