J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci:基于可穿戴传感器的环境智能老年管理系统预防医院老年人跌倒的效果

2022-06-27 医路坦克 MedSci原创

住院患者意外摔倒是导致死亡的不良事件的主要原因,一种新的可穿戴传感器即环境智能老年管理 (AmbIGeM) 系统被提出用于预防住院患者意外摔倒,本文就该系统进行了相关研究。

住院患者意外摔倒是导致死亡的不良事件的主要原因,在 2006 年至2016 年的十年间,其发生率增加了 14% 。意外摔倒在澳大利亚医院中仍然很常见,重要的是,意外摔倒还会产生许多不良后果,如病情加重,活动受限,导致丧失自理能力等,并会延长住院天数 。但有效干预以减少医院老年人跌倒的研究证据仍然有限。

在最近的 Cochrane 评价中,多种预防措施被证明比单一预防措施更加有效,与急诊病房相比,普通病房更需要多种措施来预防患者意外摔倒。此外,尽管在痴呆和谵妄患者中跌倒的比例很高,但住院痴呆患者的跌倒预防仍然需要更多的证据支持。虽然床和椅子上的压力传感报警器被广泛应用,但是对此的研究并不如人意。尽管如此,但是为了保护患者的安全,依然有许多人选择使用该设备。与床和椅子压力警报系统相比,可穿戴传感器可能具有优势,因为它们可以同时监控多个患者多种风险活动,并能够根据患者治疗需求设置个性化警报。此外,可穿戴传感器领域取得了快速进展,朝着将患者实时生理监测与电子病历相结合的未来发展。

一种新的可穿戴传感器即环境智能老年管理 (AmbIGeM) 系统,包括患者佩戴的传感器、运动识别和位置跟踪算法,可在发生风险运动时向工作人员触发警报消息,由我们的研究团队和医院工作人员根据患者的反馈共同设计.我们团队的初步研究表明,数据支持可穿戴传感器系统准确且患者可接受。我们假设这样的系统将使工作人员能够在摔倒前进行干预并降低摔倒率和由此带来的不良后果。因此,研究目标是在 2 个不同州的 3 个病房中调查 AmbIGeM 系统,同时评估该技术在降低医院老年人跌倒率、跌倒者比例和伤害性跌倒率方面的有效性。

方法:采用3组阶梯楔形实用型实验,考察摔倒发生率、损伤性摔倒的次要结局和摔倒比例对初级结局的影响。包括两个州的三个病房。年龄65岁的≥患者符合条件。需要姑息治疗的患者被排除在外。该试验在澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验登记处注册,编号12617000981325。

结果:共有4924名老年患者进入研究病房,排除1076人,3240人(1995年为对照组,1245人为干预者)。每名患者的研究持续时间与有效读数的中位数比例为49%(四分位数范围[IQR]25%-67%)。在摔倒发生率(调整比率比=1.41,95%可信区间[0.85,2.34];p=.192)、摔倒比例(优势比=1.54,95%可信区间[0.91,2.61];p=.105)和损伤性摔倒发生率(调整比率比=0.90,95%可信区间[0.38,2.14];p=.807)方面,干预组和对照组之间没有显著差异。在一项事后分析中,当干预期与控制期进行比较时,老年评估和管理单元病房的摔倒和损伤性摔倒的比率降低了。

结论:AmbIGeM系统不能降低摔倒的发生率、损伤性摔倒的发生率或摔倒的比例。鉴于老年评价和管理股病房的事后分析结果,仍有理由进一步探索和改进这项技术。

文献来源:Visvanathan R,  Ranasinghe DC,  Lange K,Effectiveness of the Wearable Sensor-based Ambient Intelligent Geriatric Management (AmbIGeM) System in Preventing Falls in Older People in Hospitals.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022 01 07;77(1)

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    2022-12-10 sunylz
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    2022-06-15 mjldent
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