Lancet子刊:遗传性阿尔茨海默病Aβ的水平异质性

2022-02-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

尽管导致常染色体显性AD的致病突变具有高度一致性,但个体之间的Aβ水平存在很大的异质性。

研究常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者所获得的见解广泛影响了散发性和显性遗传AD的机制假说、生物标志物开发和临床试验。尽管导致常染色体显性AD的致病突变具有高度一致性,但个体之间的淀粉样蛋白β(Aβ)水平存在很大的异质性。

为了研究这种异质性是否与疾病进展有关,并调查其与PSEN1、PSEN2或APP内突变位置的关系,来自哈佛大学医学院神经科的专家开展了一项包涵纵向和横向的研究分析,结果发表在Lancet Neurology杂志上。

研究人员对来自显性遗传阿尔茨海默病网络(DIAN)观察研究的数据进行了横断面和纵向分析,该研究对受常染色体显性AD影响的家庭的个体进行了登记。在DIAN研究中,有340名参与者。206名参与者是PSEN1、PSEN2或APP的致病性突变的携带者,134名是非携带者。

队列中发现了62个独特的致病变体,并以两种方式进行分组。首先,按受影响的蛋白域对PSEN1、PSEN2或APP的变体进行分类。其次,研究了Aβ生物标志物的变异依赖性,特别是PiB-PET信号、CSF  Aβ42和Aβ40的水平。

皮质和纹状体PiB-PET信号在两种分组方法中都显示出惊人的变异性(P<0-0001),尽管临床痴呆评分(P>0.7)和CSF Aβ42水平(基于密码子的分组:P=0.49;基于域的分组:P=0.095)的进展情况相似。纵向的PiB-PET信号在基于密码子的组别中也有所不同,反映了横断面的分析。

常染色体显性AD的致病变体显示出高度不同的PiB-PET信号的时间和区域模式,尽管功能进展相似。这些发现表明,尽管PiB-PET信号的增加一般见于常染色体显性AD,但在个体水平上较高的PiB-PET信号可能并不反映更严重或更晚的疾病进程。

该结果对正在进行的常染色体显性AD的临床试验有很高的意义,包括那些使用Aβ PET作为疾病进展的代用标志物。此外,与散发性和常染色体显性AD有关,CSF和PET测量的Aβ水平是不能互换的,可能反映了不同的Aβ驱动的病理过程。

 

参考文献:

Variant-dependent heterogeneity in amyloid β burden in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of an observational study. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00375-6

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    2022-01-30 膀胱癌
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    2022-12-27 howi

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